Detailed consideration is given to rejuvenation of the upper and lower eyelids and periorbital area using modern and physiological concepts that are based on reversing the effects of ageing. A new idea is proposed for the pathophysiology of herniated fat pads of the lower eyelids. This concept must be kept in mind when considering the management and prevention of enophthalmia. Techniques to improve the infraorbital sulcus, crow's feet and eyebrow ptosis during aesthetic surgery are also presented.
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