The Fast Track Land Reform Program (FTLRP) in Zimbabwe effected changes in the racial, class, and gender structure of land ownership. However, while changes in the racial and class structure have been well explored in existing literature, their articulation to gender in the agrarian structure is not yet well understood. This is because the literature has mainly accounted for gender in relation to the formal redistribution of land to women through titling, and not as a structural element of agrarian reform that locates women within the labor and capital nexus of land ownership. This article aims to fill this gap in our understanding of the gendered agrarian component of FTLRP by locating gender within the political economy of the agrarian reform and by evaluating gender in relation to the capitalist accumulation structure which the land reform sought to alter.
AdamsJ. (1991a). The rural labour market in Zimbabwe. Development and Change, 22, 297–320.
2.
AdamsJ. (1991b). Female wage labour in rural Zimbabwe. World Development19(2/3), 163–177.
3.
AgarwalB. (1994). A field of one’s own: Gender and land rights in South Asia. Cambridge University Press.
4.
AgarwalB. (2003). Gender and land rights revisited: Exploring new prospects via the state, family and market. Journal of Agrarian Change, 3(1–2), 184–224.
5.
AIAS. (2014). Securing land rights for farm workers. Paper prepared for ZiLAN.
6.
AminS. (1972). Neocolonialism in West Africa. Penguin.
7.
AminN. (1991). Peasant differentiation and food security in Zimbabwe (Working Paper, No. 1). SSRC Project on African Agriculture, Social Sciences Research Council.
8.
ArruzaC. (2016). Functionalist, determinist, reductionist: Social reproduction feminism and its critics. Science & Society, 80(1), 9–30.
9.
BernsteinH. (2005). Rural land and land conflicts in sub-Saharan Africa. In MoyoS. & YerosP. (Eds.), Reclaiming the land: The resurgence of rural movements in Africa, Asia and Latin America (pp. 67–101). Zed Books.
10.
BukaF. (2002). A preliminary audit report of Land Reform Programme. Buka report, Government Printer.
11.
ChambatiW. (2013). Changing agrarian labour relations after land reforms in Zimbabwe. In MoyoS. & ChambatiW. (Eds.), Land and agrarian reform in Zimbabwe: Beyond white-settler capitalism (pp. 157–194). CODESRIA.
12.
ChariT. (2013). Media framing of land reforms in Zimbabwe. In MoyoS. & ChambatiW. (Eds.), Land and agrarian reform in Zimbabwe: Beyond white-settler capitalism (pp. 291–329). CODESRIA.
13.
CheaterA., & GaidzanwaR. (1996). Citizenship in neo-patrilineal states: Gender and mobility in Southern Africa. Journal of Southern African Studies, 22(2), 189–200.
14.
Chenaux-RepondM. (1993). Women farmers position: Our response to the report of the land tenure commission. Friedrich–Ebert Stiftung/Rudecon.
15.
ChingarandeS. (2008). Gender and the struggle for land equity. In MoyoS., HellikerK., & MurisaT. (Eds.), Contested terrain: Land reform and civil society in contemporary Zimbabwe (pp. 275–304). S&S Publishers.
16.
ChiwesheM., ChakonaL., & HellikerK. (2015). Patriarchy, women, land and livelihoods on A1 farms in Zimbabwe. Journal of Asian and African Studies, 50(5), 716–731.
17.
CliffeL. (2000). The politics of land reform in Zimbabwe. In Bowyer-BowerT. A. S. & StonemanC. (Eds.), Land reform in Zimbabwe: Constraints and prospects (pp. 3–46). Ashgate.
18.
CousinsB., WeinerD., & AminN. (1992). Social differentiation in the communal lands of Zimbabwe. Review of African Political Economy, 53, 5–24.
19.
CusworthJ., & WalkerJ. (1988). Land resettlement in Zimbabwe: A preliminary evaluation (ODA Evaluation report EV434). Overseas Development Administration.
20.
DeereC. D. (1990). Household and class relations: peasants and landlords in Northern Peru. University of California Press.
21.
DeereC. D. (2003). Women’s land rights and rural social movements in the Brazilian agrarian reform. Journal of Agrarian Change, 3(1–2), 257–288.
22.
DeereC. D., & LeonM. (2001). Empowering women: Land and property rights in Latin America. University of Pittsburgh Press.
23.
GoebelA. (1999). Here it is our land, the two of us: Women, men, and land in a Zimbabwean resettlement area. Journal of Contemporary Africa Studies, 17(1), 76–96.
24.
GoebelA. (2005). Zimbabwe’s ‘fast track’ land reform: What about women?Gender, Place & Culture, 12(2), 145–172.
25.
GoebelA. (2007). ‘We Are Working for Nothing’: Livelihoods and gender relations in rural Zimbabwe, 2000–06. Canadian Journal of African Studies, 41(2), 226–257.
26.
Government of Zimbabwe (GoZ). (2007). Preliminary national A2 land audit report. Ministry of Lands, Land Reform and Resettlement/SIRDC, Government of Zimbabwe.
27.
JacobsS. (1983). Women and land resettlement in Zimbabwe. Review of African Political Economy, 10(27/28), 33–50.
28.
JacobsS. (1992). Gender and land reforms: Zimbabwe and some comparisons. International Sociology, 7(1), 5–34.
29.
MamdaniM. (2008, December4). Lessons of Zimbabwe. London Review of Books. https://www.lrb.co.uk/the-paper/v30/n23/mahmood-mamdani/lessons-of-zimbabwe
30.
MatondiP. (2012). Zimbabwe’s fast track land reform. Nordic Africa Institute; Zed Books.
31.
MkodzongiG. (2011). Land occupations and the quest for livelihoods in Mhondoro Ngezi Area, Zimbabwe. Mimeo.
32.
MkodzongiG. (2013). New people, new land and new livelihoods: A micro-study of Zimbabwe’s fast-track land reform. Agrarian South: Journal of Political Economy, 2(3), 345–366.
33.
MoyoS. (1995). The land question in Zimbabwe. SAPES Books.
34.
MoyoS. (1998). The land acquisition process in Zimbabwe (1997/8). United Nations Development Programme.
35.
MoyoS. (2011a). Three decades of agrarian reform in Zimbabwe. Journal of Peasant Studies, 38(3), 493–531.
36.
MoyoS. (2011b). Changing agrarian relations after redistributive land reform in Zimbabwe. Journal of Peasant Studies, 38(5), 939–966.
37.
MoyoS., & ChambatiW. (Eds.). (2013). Land and agrarian reform in Zimbabwe: Beyond white-settler capitalism. CODESRIA.
38.
MoyoS., ChambatiW., & SizibaS. (2014). Agricultural subsidies policies in Zimbabwe. World Bank/EU/UNDP/GoZ land studies.
39.
MoyoS., ChambatiW., MurisaT., SizibaD., DangwaC., MujeyiK. & NyoniN. (2009). Fast track land reform baseline survey in Zimbabwe: Trends and tendencies, 2005/06. African Institute for Agrarian Studies (AIAS).
40.
MoyoS., JhaP., & YerosP. (2013). The classical agrarian question: Myth, reality and relevance today. Agrarian South: Journal of Political Economy, 2(1), 93–119.
41.
MoyoS., & NyoniN. (2013). Changing agrarian relations after redistributive land reform in Zimbabwe. In MoyoS. & ChambatiW. (Eds.), Land and agrarian reform in Zimbabwe: Beyond white-settler capitalism (pp. 195–250). CODESRIA.
42.
MoyoS., & MineY. (Eds.). (2016). What colonialism ignored: ‘African Potentials’ for resolving conflicts in Southern Africa. Langaa RPCIG.
43.
MoyoS., TsikataD., & DiopY. (Eds.). (2015). CODESRIA multi-national working group book on land question.
44.
MoyoS., & YerosP. (2005). Land occupations and land reform in Zimbabwe: Towards the National Democratic Revolution. In MoyoS. & YerosP. (Eds.), Reclaiming the land: The resurgence of rural movements in Africa, Asia and Latin America (pp. 165–208). Zed Books.
45.
MoyoS., & YerosP. (2007). The radicalised state: Zimbabwe’s interrupted revolution. Review of African Political Economy, 111, 103–121.
46.
MurisaT. (2019). To compensate or not to? Revisiting the debate on compensation for former large-scale farmers in Zimbabwe. Sivio Institute.
47.
MutopoP. (2011). Gendered dimensions of land and rural livelihoods: The case of new settler farmer displacement at Nuanetsi Ranch, Mwenezi District, Zimbabwe. Land Deals Politics Initiative.
48.
MutopoP. (2014). Belonging and rural livelihoods: Women’s access to land and non-permanent mobility at Merrivale farm, Mwenezi District, Zimbabwe. Erdkunde, 68(3), 197–207.
49.
NaiduS. C., & OssomeL. (2016). Social reproduction and the agrarian question of women’s labour inIndia. Agrarian South: Journal of Political Economy, 5(1), 50–76.
50.
Okoth-Ogendo HWO. (2007, May3–4). The Last Colonial Question: An essay in the pathology of land administration systems in Africa. A keynote presentation at a workshop on Norwegian Land Tools Relevant to Africa.
51.
OssomeL. (2014). Can the law secure women’s rights to land in Africa? Revisiting tensions between culture and land commercialization. Feminist Economics, 20(1), 155–177.
52.
OssomeL., & NaiduS. (2021). The agrarian question of gendered labour. In JhaP., ChambatiW., & OssomeL. (Eds.), Labour questions in the global south (pp. 63–86). Palgrave Macmillan.
53.
ParadzaG. G. (2010). Single women, land and livelihood vulnerability in a communal area in Zimbabwe. In AWLAE (Ed.). African women leaders in agriculture and the environment. Brill University Printers.
54.
RaoS. (2011). Work and empowerment: Women and agriculture in South India. Journal of Development Studies, 47(2), 294–315.
55.
RazaviS. (2003). Introduction: Agrarian change, gender and land rights. Journal of Agrarian Change, 3(1–2), 2–32.
56.
RothJ. R., RugubeL., & ZhouS. (2002, September12). Land transactions monitoring and evaluation of public and private land markets in redistributing land to disadvantaged people, 1980 to 1996. Paper prepared for Land Tenure Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison and Centre for Applied Social Science. University of Zimbabwe.
57.
ScoonesI., MarongweN., MavedzengeB., MurimbarimbaF., MaheneheneJ., & SukumeC. (2011). Zimbabwe’s land reform: A summary of findings. IDS.
UteteC. M. B. (2003). Report of the presidential land review committee, under the chairmanship of Dr Charles M.B. Utete. (Volumes 1 and 2: Main report to his Excellency the President of The Republic of Zimbabwe). Presidential Land Review Committee (PLRC).
60.
VogelL. (2013). Marxism and the oppression of women: Toward a unitary theory. Brill Academic Books.
61.
WhitlowR. (1988). Land degradation in Zimbabwe: A geographic study. Department of Natural Resources.
62.
WLZ. (2007). A rapid appraisal in select provinces to determine the extent of women’s allocation to land during the land reform and resettlement programme, 2002–2005 (Unpublished Paper). Women and Land in Zimbabwe (WLZ).
63.
YerosP. (2002). The political economy of civilisation: Peasant-workers in Zimbabwe and the neo-colonial world (PhD thesis). University of London.
