Introducing the Glutamate-Amplifies-Noradrenergic-Effects (GANE) Model to the Neurocognitive Study of Emotion-Related Impulsivity

Abstract

Emotion-related impulsivity (ERI) shows robust longitudinal associations with psychiatric disorders, aggression, and suicidality, yet a parsimonious account of its neurocognitive correlates has not been offered. We connect ERI with the glutamate-amplifies-noradrenergic-effects (GANE) model, a framework describing how norepinephrine tunes “hotspots” of brain activation during heightened physiological arousal. First, we systematically reviewed studies of ERI and task-based functional MRI. Meta-analysis of significant effects yielded one cluster in right inferior frontal gyrus. Twenty-six of 30 significant effects systematically colocalized in neuroanatomical hotspots in each corresponding task, in line with GANE. Second, adults recruited for a range of psychopathology (N = 120) completed a reward/punishment go/no-go task while undergoing functional MRI. ERI correlated with stronger nucleus-accumbens activation for a model sensitive to heightened trial reward and in anterior cingulate for models sensitive to heightened trial arousal. Findings provide empirical support for the relevance of GANE hotspot mechanisms to ERI.

Keywords

emotional control functional imaging affective neuroscience

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