A Cross-Sectional Study Assessing Pulmonary Function Differences in Diabetic Versus Non-Diabetic Mine Workers in Gujarat: Implications for Establishing Mining Cohort

Abstract

Background:

Diabetes, a significant global health concern, affects one in 10 adults, with many unaware. Despite its prevalence, evidence on its impact on pulmonary function is limited. Given the occupational exposure to silica dust, mine workers may face heightened pulmonary risks with diabetes. Our objective was to estimate differences in pulmonary functions between diabetic and non-diabetic mine workers and determine predictors of pulmonary dysfunction.

Methods:

We conducted a cross-sectional study of 215 mine workers from Gujarat’s lignite mines in December 2021. Data on demographics, occupation, comorbidities, anthropometry, blood pressure, and random blood glucose (RBG) were collected. Diabetes was defined as self-reported history or RBG ≥200 mg/dL with symptoms. Spirometry measured forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV₁) and forced vital capacity (FVC). Group differences were analyzed using independent t-tests, and linear regression identified predictors of pulmonary function.

Findings:

Diabetic workers (18%) exhibited lower FEV₁ (2.80 ± 0.65 vs. 3.11 ± 0.77 L, p = .022) and FVC (3.21 ± 0.69 vs. 3.55 ± 0.84 L, p = .017). On linear regression, male gender and longer work experience significantly predicted FEV₁ and FVC, while adjustments for confounding variables diminished diabetes’s impact.

Conclusion:

Lower FEV₁ and FVC among diabetic mine workers suggest a potential role of diabetes in pulmonary impairment. The diminished effect after adjustment underscores the need for mining cohorts to confirm these findings.

Application to Practice:

Mine workers should undergo annual diabetes screening and respiratory evaluations beyond routine periodic medical examinations. Workplace programs targeting non-communicable diseases should be implemented to support long-term worker health.