Digital Games for Cognitive Enhancement in Healthy Older Adults: A Scoping Review

Abstract

Cognitive decline in older adults is a significant public health concern that impacts quality of life. Digital games have emerged as accessible interventions with potential cognitive benefits for this population. This scoping review examines studies evaluating the effects of digital games on cognition in older adults. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses 2020 guidelines, a systematic search identified 28 studies involving 1201 participants (mean age = 71.57 years). The interventions ranged from computer-based games—systems incorporating physical activity, such as Nintendo consoles, kinetic devices, and virtual reality. Cognitive outcomes were assessed across several domains, including executive function, memory, attention, processing speed, and language. Motor skills and executive function showed the greatest improvements; however, mixed outcomes were observed for other domains. Factors such as game complexity and participant demographics influenced variability, with complex games yielding greater benefits and device type having minimal impact. These findings suggest that digital games can be used as cognitive interventions for healthy older adults, particularly for executive function. Simultaneously, variability in results highlights the need for tailored interventions and optimized game design. Future research should explore long-term efficacy, the role of game complexity, and intervention characteristics—maximize therapeutic potential.