This study aimed to adapt the Teaching Students With Disabilities Self-Efficacy Scale for contemporary school counseling practice. The adaptation, titled the Students With Learning Disabilities School Counselor Self-Efficacy Scale, is a resource that assesses school counselors’ belief in their ability to counsel and support students identified as having learning disabilities. The findings suggest that the scale has sound validity and reliability metrics, with a few considerations. This article also discusses implications.
AllinderR. M. (1994). The relationship between efficacy and the instructional practices of special education teachers and consultants. Teacher Education and Special Education, 17(2), 86–95. https://doi.org/10.1177/088840649401700203
2.
American School Counselor Association [ASCA]. (2012). ASCA national model: A framework for school counseling programs (3rd ed.). Author.
BanduraA. (1986). Social foundations of thought and action: A social cognitive theory. Prentice-Hall.
12.
BanduraA. (1992). Exercise of personal agency through the self-efficacy mechanism. In SchwarzerR. (Ed.), Self-efficacy: Thought control of action (pp. 3–38). Hemisphere.
13.
BanduraA. (Ed.). (1995). Self-efficacy in changing societies. Cambridge University.
14.
BanduraA. (1997). Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. W. H. Freeman.
15.
BealeA. V. (2004). Questioning whether you have a contemporary school counseling program. The Clearing House, 78(2). 73–76. https://doi.org/10.3200/TCHS.78.2.73-77
16.
BeaversA. A.LounsburyJ. W.RichardsJ. K.HuckS. W.SkolitsG. J.EsquivelS. L. (2013). Practical considerations for using exploratory factor analysis in educational research. Practical Assessment, Research & Evaluation, 18(5/6), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.7275/qv2q-rk76
17.
BoardmanA. G.VaughnS.BuckleyP.ReutebuchC.RobertsG.KlingnerJ. (2016). Collaborative strategic reading for students with learning disabilities in upper elementary classrooms. Exceptional Children, 82(4), 409–427. https://doi.org/10.1177/0014402915625067
18.
BodenhornN.SkaggsG. (2005). Development of the school counselor self-efficacy scale. Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development, 38(1), 14–28. https://doi.org/10.1080/07481756.2005.11909766
19.
BodenhornN.WolfeE. W.AirenO. E. (2010). School counselor program choice and self-efficacy: Relationship to achievement gap and equity. Professional School Counseling, 13(3), 165–174. https://doi.org/10.1177/2156759X1001300304
20.
BordersL.DruryS. M. (1992). Comprehensive school counseling programs: A review for policy makers and practitioners. Journal of Counseling & Development, 70(4), 487–498. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1556-6676.1992.tb01643.x
21.
BrobbeyG. (2018). Punishing the vulnerable: Exploring suspension rates for students with learning disabilities. Intervention in School and Clinic, 53(4), 216–219. https://doi.org/10.1177/1053451217712953
22.
BryanJ. A.GriffinD. (2010). A multidimensional study of school-family-community partnership involvement: School, school counselor, and training factors. Professional School Counseling, 14(1), 75–86. https://doi.org/10.1177/2156759X1001400108
CortinaJ. M. (1993). What is coefficient alpha? An examination of theory and applications. Journal of Applied Psychology, 78(1), 98–104. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.78.1.98
CousinsJ. B.WalkerC. A. (2000). Predictors of educators’ valuing of systemic inquiry in schools. Canadian Journal of Program Evaluation (15 Special Issue), 25–53.
27.
CreswellJ. W. (2014). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods. SAGE.
28.
DawsonH.ScottL. (2013). Teaching students with Disabilities Self-Efficacy Scale: Development and validation. Inclusion, 1(3), 188–196. https://doi.org/10.1352/2326-6988-1.3.181
EllerM.FisherE.GilchristA.RozmanA.ShockneyS. (2015). Is inclusion the only option for students with learning disabilities and emotional behavioral disorders?The Undergraduate Journal of Law & Disorder, 5, 79–86.
31.
ErfordB. T.HouseR.MartinP. (2003). Transforming the school counseling profession. In ErfordB. T. (Ed.), Transforming the school counseling profession. Merrill Prentice Hall.
32.
FieldA. (2013). Discovering statistics using IBM SPSS statistics (4th ed.). SAGE.
33.
FyeH. J.MillerL. G.RaineyS. J. (2017). Predicting school counselors’ supports and challenges when implementing the ASCA national model. Professional School Counseling21(1). https://doi.org/10.1177/2156759X18777671
34.
Geddes HallJ. (2015). The school counselor and special education: Aligning training with practice. The Professional Counselor, 5(2). 217–224.
Ginieri-CoccossisM.RotsikaV.SkevingtonS.PapaevangelouS.MallioriM.TomarasV.KokkeviA. (2013). Quality of life in newly diagnosed children with specific learning disabilities (SpLD) and differences from typically developing children: A study of child and parent reports. Child: Care Health Development, 39, 581–591. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2214.2012.01369.x
37.
Goodman-ScottE.BouldenR. (2020). School counselors’ experiences with the Section 504 process: “I want to be a strong team member…[not] a case manager.”Professional School Counseling, 23(1). https://doi.org/10.1177/2156759X20919378
38.
GuetzloeE. C. (1991). Depression and suicide: Special education students at risk. Council for Exceptional Children.
39.
GunduzB. (2012). Self-efficacy and burnout in professional school counselors. Educational Sciences: Theory & Practice, 12(3), 1761–1767.
40.
GuskeyT. R. (1988). Teacher efficacy, self-concept, and attitudes toward the implementation of instructional innovation. Teaching and Teacher Education, 4(1), 63–69. https://doi.org/10.1016/0742-051X(88)90025-X
41.
GysbersN. C. (2004). Comprehensive guidance and counseling programs: The evolution of accountability. Professional School Counseling, 5(1), 1–14.
42.
GysbersN. C. (2010). Remembering the past, shaping the future: A history of school counseling. American School Counselor Association.
43.
HendersonP. (1999). Providing leadership for school counselors to achieve effective guidance programs. National Association of Secondary School Principals Bulletin, 83(603), 77–83.
44.
Holcomb-McCoyC.GonzalezI.JohnstonG. (2009). School counselor dispositions as predictors of data usage. Professional School Counseling, 12(5), 343–351. https://doi.org/10.1177/2156759X0901200504
45.
Holcomb-McCoyC.HarrisP.HinesE.JohnstonG. (2008). School counselors’ multicultural self-efficacy: A preliminary investigation. Professional School Counseling, 11(3), 166–178. https://doi.org/10.1177/2156759X0801100303
46.
HoyA. W.SperoR. B. (2005). Changes in teacher efficacy during the early years of teaching: A comparison of four measures. Teaching and Teacher Education, 21(4), 343–356. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2005.01.007
47.
Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, 20 U.S.C. § 1400 (2004).
48.
KahnJ. H. (2006). Factor analysis in counseling psychology research, training, and practice: Principles, advances, and applications. The Counseling Psychologist, 34(5), 684–718. https://doi.org/10.1177/0011000006286347
49.
KauffmanJ. M.HallahanD. P. (2005). Special education: What it is and why we need it. Allyn & Bacon.
50.
KrellM.P?russeR. (2012). Providing college readiness counseling for students with autism spectrum disorders: A Delphi study to guide school counselors. Professional School Counseling, 16(1), 29–39. https://doi.org/10.1177/2156759X1201600104
51.
KushnerJ.MaldonadoJ.PackT.HooperB. (2011). Demographic report on special education students in postsecondary education: Implications for school counselors and educators. International Journal of Special Education, 26(1), 175–181.
52.
LambieG. W.MilsomA. (2010). A narrative approach to supporting students diagnosed with learning disabilities. Journal of Counseling & Development, 88(2), 196–203. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1556-6678.2010.tb00009.x
53.
LeedyP. D.OrmrodJ. E. (2015). Practical research: Planning and design (11th ed.). Pearson.
54.
LimbergD.LambieG.RobinsonE. H. (2016). The contribution of school counselors’ altruism to their degree of burnout. Professional School Counseling, 20(1), 127–138. https://doi.org/10.5330/1096-2409-20.1.127
55.
MadausJ. W.ShawS. F. (2008). The role of school professionals in implementing section 504 for students with disabilities. Educational Policy, 22(3), 363–378. https://doi.org/10.1177/0895904807307069
56.
MaritaS.HordC. (2017). Review of mathematics interventions for secondary students with learning disabilities. Learning Disability Quarterly, 40(1), 29–40. https://doi.org/10.1177/0731948716657495
57.
McCarthyC.Van Horn KerneV.CalfaN. A.LambertR. G.GuzmanM. (2010). An exploration of school counselors’ demands and resources: Relationship to stress, biographic, and caseload characteristics. Professional School Counseling, 13(3), 146–158. https://doi.org/10.1177/2156759X1001300302
58.
MilsomA. (2002). Students with disabilities: School counselor involvement and preparation. Professional School Counseling, 5(5), 331–338. https://doi.org/10.1177/2156759X0601001S09
59.
MilsomA.GoodnoughG.AkosP. (2007). School counselor contributions to the Individualized Education Program (IEP) process. Preventing School Failure: Alternative Education for Children and Youth, 52(1), 19–24. https://doi.org/10.3200/PSFL.52.1.19-24
60.
MullenP. R.GutierrezD. (2016). Burnout, stress and direct student services among school counselors. Professional Counselor, 6(4), 344–359. https://doi.org/10.15241/pm.6.4.344
61.
MullenP. R.LambieG. W. (2016). The contribution of school counselors’ self-efficacy to their programmatic service delivery. Psychology in the Schools, 53(3), 306–320. https://doi.org/10.1002/pits.21899
62.
MvududuN. H.SinkC. A. (2013). Factor analysis in counseling research and practice. Counseling Outcome Research and Evaluation, 4(2), 75–98. https://doi.org/10.1177/2150137813494766
PanickerA. S.ChelliahA. (2016). Resilience and stress in children and adolescents with specific learning disability. Journal of the Canadian Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 25(1), 17–23.
69.
RomanoD. M.ParadiseL. V.GreenE. J. (2009). School counselors’ attitudes towards providing services to students receiving Section 504 classroom accommodations: Implications for school counselor educators. Journal of School Counseling, 7(37), 1–36. http://www.jsc.montana.edu/articles/v7n37.pdf
70.
RoseC. A.Monda-AmayaL. E.EspelageD. L. (2011). Bullying perpetration and victimization in special education: A review of the literature. Remedial and Special Education, 32, 114–130. https://doi.org/10.1177/0741932510361247
71.
SalendS. J.Garrick DuhaneyL. M. (1999). The impact of inclusion on students with and without disabilities and their educators. Remedial and Special Education, 20(2), 114–126. https://doi.org/10.1177/074193259902000209
72.
ScarboroughJ. L.GilbrideD. D. (2006). Developing relationships with rehabilitation counselors to meet the transition needs of students with disabilities. Professional School Counseling, 10(1), 25–33. https://doi.org/10.1177/2156759X0601001S04
73.
ShahzadK.NaureenS. (2017). Impact of teacher self-efficacy on secondary school students’ academic achievement. Journal of Education and Educational Development, 4(1), 48–72. https://doi.org/10.22555/joeed.v4i1.1050
SteinM. K.WangM. C. (1988). Teacher development and school improvement: The process of teacher change. Teaching and Teacher Education, 4(2), 171–187. https://doi.org/10.1016/0742-051X(88)90016-9
WildmanR. C. (1977). Effects of anonymity and social setting on survey responses. Public Opinion Quarterly, 41(1), 74–79. https://doi.org/10.1086/268354