As translated texts, the ancient versions of the Hebrew Bible represent a particular challenge in textual criticism. The translator stands as a mediator between the Hebrew source text which is our primary interest and the extant translated text which we have before us. Therefore, before we can use an ancient translation as a witness to the Hebrew text, we must first discern whether a given reading represents its Hebrew source or whether it was created in the translation process. When two translators independently create the same translation shift in the same text segment, this is called “polygenesis.” In this article I argue that the search in Translation Studies for so-called “universals” can inform our understanding and expectation of polygenesis in ancient versions of the Bible.
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