This research has a dual objective: (1) Increase knowledge of the link between individuals and regions through a qualitative exploratory study (comprising 16 individual semi-structured interviews and two focus groups of eight people each), and consequently propose a new specific concept: regional belonging. Regional belonging is defined as a positive identity link between an individual and a physical, social and cultural place, understood by individuals as their regional territory. (2) Develop a measurement scale for this new concept that is reliable, valid, synthetic and generalizable. To do this, we conducted a qualitative exploratory study to generate a sample of items for each of the three dimensions of this concept (physical, social and cultural). Four series of quantitative data collections were done on 1691 consumers to purify and confirm the measurement scale developed, establish the convergent, discriminant and predictive validity of the scale (comprising three dimensions measured by 12 items) and test its ecological validity.
ArnouldEThompsonC (2005) Consumer Culture Theory (CCT): Twenty years of research. Journal of Consumer Research31(4): 868–882.
2.
AskegaardSArnouldEJKjeldgaardD (2005) Postassimilationist ethnic consumer research: qualifications and extensions. Journal of Consumer Research32(1): 160–170.
3.
BardinL (2007) L’analyse de contenu. Paris: PUF.
4.
BaugnetL (1998) L’identité sociale. Paris: Dunod.
5.
Béji-BécheurAÖzçağlar-ToulouseNZouaghiS (2012) Ethnicity introspected: Researchers in search of their identity. Journal of Business Research65(4): 504–510.
6.
BelkRW (1988) Possessions and the extended self. Journal of Consumer Research15(2): 139–168.
7.
BelkRWFischerEKozinetsRV (2013) Qualitative consumer and marketing research. London: Sage.
8.
BerryJW (1997) Immigration, acculturation and adaptation. Applied Psychology: An International Review46(1): 5–68.
9.
BlanchetAGotmanA (2007) L’enquête et ses méthodes: l’entretien. 2nd edition.Paris: Armand Colin.
10.
BoddyC (2005) Projective techniques in market research: Valueless subjectivity or insightful reality? A look at the evidence for the usefulness, reliability and validity of projective techniques in market research. International Journal of Market Research47(3): 239–254.
11.
Bougeard DelfosseC (2009) Etude des déterminants d’achat des produits alimentaires régionaux: une application aux produits bretons. Doctoral thesis, Université Rennes 1, Rennes.
12.
BourdieuP (1980) L’identité et la représentation, éléments pour une réflexion critique sur l’idée de région. Actes de la recherche en sciences sociales35: 63–72.
13.
BourhisRYGagnonA (1994) Les préjugés, la discrimination et les relations intergroupes. In: VallerandRJ (ed.) Les fondements de la Psychologie sociale. Montréal : Gaëtan Morin, pp.707–773.
14.
BrownGRaymondC (2007) The relationship between place attachment and landscape values: Toward mapping place attachment. Applied Geography27(2): 89–111.
15.
BrunIVachonM-ARicardL (2008) Intégration en marketing du concept d’attachement régional: antécédents et impact sur les attentes en restauration. Actes du Congrès de l’ASAC, Halifax29(23): 4–18.
16.
ChaplinLNJohnRD (2007) Growing up in a material world: Age differences in materialism in children and adolescents. Journal of Consumer Research34(4): 480–493.
17.
ChevallierDMorelA (1985) Identité culturelle et appartenance régionale: quelques orientations de recherche. Terrain5: 3–5.
18.
ChinWWDibbernJ (2010) An introduction to a permutation based procedure for multi-group PLS analysis: Results of tests of differences on simulated data and a cross cultural analysis of the sourcing of information system services between Germany and the USA. In: VinziVEChinWWHenselerJWangH (ed.) Handbook of partial least squares concepts: Concepts, methods and applications. New York: Springer Handbooks of Computational Statistics, pp.171–193.
19.
ChirouzeY (2007) Le marketing: études et stratégies. 2nd edition.Paris: Ellipses Marketing.
20.
ChurchillGAJr. (1979) A paradigm for developing better measures of marketing constructs. Journal of Marketing Research16(1): 64–73.
21.
CronbachLJ (1951) Coefficient alpha and the internal structure of tests. Psychometrica16(3): 297–334.
22.
DebenedettiA (2006) L’attachement au lieu de consommation. Doctoral thesis, Université Paris-Dauphine, Paris.
23.
De VellisRF (1991) Scale development: Theory and applications. Applied Social Research Methods Series, 26. London: Sage.
24.
Di MéoG (2002) L’identité: une médiation essentielle du rapport espace / société. Géocarrefour77(2): 175–184.
25.
Di MéoGBuléonP (2007) L’Espace social. Une lecture géographique des sociétés. Paris: Armand Colin.
26.
DionDRémyESitzL (2010) Le sentiment régional comme levier d’action marketing. Décisions Marketing58: 15–25.
27.
DubarC (1998) Trajectoires sociales et formes identitaires: clarifications conceptuelles et méthodologiques. Sociétés Contemporaines29: 73–85.
28.
EthierKADeauxK (1994) Negotiating social identity when contexts change: Maintaining identification and responding to threat. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology67(2): 243–251.
29.
FloydFJWidamanKF (1995) Factor analysis in the development and refinement of clinical assessment instruments. Psychological Assessment, 7, 3, 286–299.
30.
FornellCLarckerDF (1981) Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research18(1): 39–50.
31.
FrémontA (1974) Recherches sur l’espace vécu. Espace géographique3(3): 231–238.
32.
FrémontA (1976) La région, espace vécu. Paris: PUF.
33.
FriedM (2000) Continuities and discontinuities of place. Journal of Environmental Psychology20(3): 193–205.
34.
FrisouJ (2012) Le lieu peut-il affermir le lien dans les relations commerciales? Le cas des programmes de fidélisation éco-localistes. Revue Française du Marketing237/238(2–3/5): 27–42.
35.
FrisouJYildizH (2010) L’enracinement local des consommateurs est-il un levier de fidélisation efficace? In: Actes des 15èmes Journées de Recherche en Marketing de Bourgogne. Dijon (CD-ROM).
36.
FullertonG (2005) The impact of brand commitment on loyalty to retail service brands. Canadian Journal of Administrative Sciences22(2): 97–110.
37.
GhiglioneRBlanchetA (1991) Analyse de contenu et contenus d’analyses. Paris: Dunod.
38.
GorsuchRL (1990) Common factor-analysis versus component analysis: Some well and little known facts. Multivariate Behavioral Research25(1): 33–39.
39.
Guérin-PaceF (2006) Lieux habités, lieux investis: le lien au territoire, une composante identitaire?Economie et Statistique393–394: 101–114.
40.
HairJFJrAndersonRETathamRLBlackWC (1998) Multivariate data analysis. 5th edition.Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
41.
HavlenaWJHolakS L (1996) Exploring nostalgia imagery through the use of consumer collages. Advances in Consumer Research23: 35–42.
42.
HernandezBHidalgoMCSalazar-LaplaceMEHessS (2007) Place attachment and place identity in natives and non-natives. Journal of Environmental Psychology27(4): 310–319.
43.
HidalgoMCHernandezB (2001) Place attachment: Conceptual and empirical questions. Journal of Environmental Psychology21(3): 273–281.
44.
HummonDM (1992) Community attachment: Local sentiment and sense of place. In: AltmanILowS (eds) Human behavior and environments: Advances in theory and research. New York: Plenum Press, pp.253–278.
45.
IacobucciD (2001) Orthogonal or oblique rotation?Journal of Consumer Psychology10(1&2): 75–82.
46.
JacobyJ (1978) Consumer research: How valid and useful are all our consumer behavior research findings? A state of the art review. Journal of Marketing42(2): 87–96.
47.
JöreskogK (1971) Statistical analysis of sets of congeneric tests. Psychometrica36(2): 109–133.
48.
JorgensenBSStedmanRC (2001) Sense of place as an attitude: Lakeshore owners’ attitudes toward their properties. Journal of Environmental Management21(3): 233–248.
49.
JorgensenBSStedmanRC (2006) A comparative analysis of predictors of sense of place dimensions: Attachment to, dependence on, and identification with lakeshore properties. Journal of Environmental Management79(3): 316–327.
50.
KasardaJDJanowitzM (1974) Community attachment in mass society. American Sociological Review39(3): 328–339.
51.
KyleGGraefeAManningRBaconJ (2004) Effects of place attachment on users’ perceptions of social and environmental conditions in a natural setting. Journal of Environmental Psychology24(2): 213–225.
52.
LafertéGAvanzaM (2005) Dépasser la ‘construction des identités’? Identification, image sociale, appurtenance. Genèse61(4): 134–152.
53.
LewickaM (2005) Ways to make people active: the role of place attachment, cultural capital, and neighborhood ties. Journal of Environmental Psychology25(4): 381–395.
54.
LombartC (2008) Les techniques projectives. In: DionD (ed.) A la recherche du consommateur, nouvelles techniques pour mieux comprendre le client. Paris: Dunod, pp.145–169.
55.
LowSAltmanI (1992) Place attachment: A conceptual inquiry. In: AltmanILowS (eds) Human behavior and environments: Advances in theory and research. New York: Plenum Press, pp.1–12.
56.
MarcE (2004) La construction identitaire de l’individu. In: HalpernCRuano-BorbalanJC (eds) Identité(s). L’individu. Le groupe. La société. Paris: Editions Sciences Humaines, pp.33–39.
57.
MarcE (2005) Psychologie de l’identité: soi et le groupe. Paris: Dunod.
58.
MertonRK (1965) Eléments de théorie et de méthode sociologique. Paris: Plon.
59.
MolesARohmerE (1998) Psychosociologie de l’espace. Paris: L’Harmattan.
60.
MorganP (2010) Towards a developmental theory of place attachment. Journal of Environmental Psychology30(1): 11–22.
61.
NiemanYFRomeroAJArrendondoJRodriguezV (1999)What does it mean to be ‘Mexican’? Social construction of an ethnic identity. Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences21(1): 47–60.
OberléD (2004) Vivre ensemble. Le groupe en psychologie sociale. In: HalpernCRuano-BorbalanJC (eds) Identité(s). L’individu. Le groupe. La société. Paris: Editions Sciences Humaines, pp.121–129.
64.
OswaldLR (1999) Cultural swapping: consumption and the ethnogenesis of middle-class Haitian immigrants. Journal of Consumer Research25(4): 303–318.
65.
Özçağlar-ToulouseNBéji-BécheurAFosse-GomezM.HHerbertMZouaghiS (2009) Ethnicity in the study of the consumer: An overview. Recherche et Applications en Marketing24(4): 57–76.
66.
PailléPMucchielliA (2008) L’analyse qualitative en sciences humaines et sociales. Paris: Armand Colin.
67.
PeñalozaL (1994) Atraversando frontieras/Border crossing: A critical ethnographic exploration of the consumer acculturation of Mexican immigrants. Journal of Consumer Research21(1): 32–54.
68.
PerrienJChéronEJZinsM (1983) Recherche en marketing: méthodes et decisions. Chicoutimi: Gaëtan Morin éditeur.
69.
PetersonRA (1994) A meta-analysis of coefficient alpha. Journal of Consumer Research21(2): 381–391.
70.
PhinneyJS (1990) Ethnic identity in adolescents and adults: Review of research. Psychological Bulletin108(3): 499–514.
71.
ProshanskyHFabianAKaminoffR (1983) Place identity: Physical world socialization of the self. Journal of Environmental Psychology3(1): 57–83.
72.
RémyESitzLDionD (2012) L’identité régionale en France. In: Béji-BécheurAÖzçağlar-ToulouseN (eds) L’ethnicité, fabrique marketing?Paris: Editions, EMS, pp.213–229.
73.
RossiterJR (2002) The COARSE procedure for scale development in marketing. International Journal of Research in Marketing19(4): 305–335.
74.
RousselPDurrieuFCampoyEEl AkremiA (2002) Méthodes d’équations structurelles: Recherche et Applications en Gestion. Paris: Economica.
75.
ScannellLGiffordR (2010) Defining place attachment: A tripartite organizing framework. Journal of Environmental Psychology30(1): 1–10.
76.
SmaldoneDHarrisCSanyalN (2008) The role of time in developing place meaning. Journal of Leisure Research40(4): 479–504.
77.
StockolsDShumakerSA (1981) People in places: A transactional view of settings. In: HarveyJ (ed.) Cognition, social behaviour, and the environment. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum, pp.441–488.
78.
TajfelH (1981) Human groups & social categories: Studies in social psychology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
79.
TajfelH (1982) Social psychology of intergroup relations. Annual Review of Psychology33: 1–39.
80.
TajfelHTurnerJC (1979) An integrative theory of intergroup conflict. In: AustinWGWorchelS (eds) The social psychology of intergroup relations. Monterey: Brooks/Cole, pp.33–47.
