Wilms tumour in horseshoe kidney: A systematic review of case reports

Abstract

Objective:

Wilms tumour (WT) is the most common renal tumour in childhood. While horseshoe (HS) kidney remains a compelling prospect to be discussed. Concomitant finding of each condition was estimated to be 0.4–0.9% of WT cases. The treatment plan for Wilms tumour in horseshoe kidney patients remains a challenge in the urological field. We aim to examine the current practice in patients with Wilms tumour in horseshoe kidney.

Materials & Methods:

Literature searching was conducted from several databases, e.g. PubMed, Cochrane, ScienceDirect and DOAJ.

Results:

A total of 19 case report studies were included in this review, with male patients dominant (n = 12). The right kidney tumour was more often affected than the left kidney (31.6%, 26.3%). CT scan becomes the most common modality used in diagnosing WT (73%). The length of follow-up varied from 2 weeks to 2 years. In this review, we also discovered that neoadjuvant chemotherapy is commonly used in patients who were diagnosed after the year 2000.

Conclusion:

This systematic review was able to systematically summarise the characteristics of patients with WT in HS kidney, from the clinical presentation to the management planning. After the year 2000, neoadjuvant chemotherapy became the standard of care.

Level of evidence:

Not applicable.