Patient and caregiver productivity loss and indirect costs associated with cardiovascular events in Europe

Abstract

Aims

The aim of this study was to estimate patient and caregiver productivity loss and indirect costs following an acute coronary syndrome (ACS) or a stroke in Europe.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted in seven European countries. A validated questionnaire was used during a cardiologist/neurologist visit 3–12 months post event. We included patients who returned to work ( ≥ 4 weeks prior to recruitment), given specific interest in presenteeism. Patient absenteeism, presenteeism and caregiver loss in the past four weeks were pro-rated to one year and combined with time-off due to initial hospitalisation/sick-leave. Hours lost were valued according to country labour cost (2018 euros).

Results

The analysis included 196 ACS (86% myocardial infarction) and 198 stroke (99% ischaemic, 77% modified Rankin Scale 0–1) patients. Mean age in ACS and stroke patients was 53 years, 86% and 78% respectively were men, 28% and 25% had previous cardiovascular event or established cardiovascular disease. Mean (country range) total productivity time loss was 70 (47–91) workdays for ACS and 68 (45–88) workdays for stroke (25% of annual workdays). Particularly, ACS patient lost 59 (37–79) workdays, and caregivers lost 11 (0–16) workdays, with total mean indirect cost per case €13,953 (€6641–23,160). After stroke, 56 (42–70) workdays were lost by patient plus 12 (3–20) days by caregiver, amounting to €13,773 (€10,469–20,215). Patients with previous events or established cardiovascular disease lost 80 (ACS) and 73 (stroke) workdays, costing €16,061 and €14,942 respectively.

Conclusions

Our results suggest that lost productive time and indirect costs following ACS/stroke are substantial, with indirect costs comparable to direct costs.