Critical care nephrology is an emerging sub-specialty with rapid technological advancement and a growing body of dedicated literature in blood purification techniques. Their applications have been extended to improve morbidity and survival in multiple organ dysfunctions. Novel techniques have also allowed us to push the frontiers in transplant medicine, giving high-immunological risk patients a chance at a kidney transplant where this was previously precluded by hyperacute antibody-mediated rejection. We aim to review the myriad extracorporeal blood purification techniques now available for treating various critical illnesses in our clinical practice. Some of these techniques will still require further clinical research to determine the optimal timing and dose in order to achieve significant improvement in clinical outcomes.
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