Although vitamin D3 (VD3) may regulate gut microbiota to play protective roles in systemic inflammation, its effects on gut metabolomics have not been clarified.
Objective
To investigate the effects of VD3 on gut metabolomics in LPS-injected mice.
Methods
After LPS-injected mice were intervened with VD3, colon contents were collected for an untargeted metabolomics analysis, with morphology and permeability of colon epithelium illustrated.
Results
The results confirmed the protective effects of VD3 against the inflammatory changes and hyperpermeability of colon epithelium in LPS-injected mice. In untargeted metabolomic analysis of colon contents, principal component analysis showed valid data. Both partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and orthogonal PLS-DA (OPLS-DA) showed intergroup separation of samples between the control and LPS-injected mice. Similarly, VD3 affected the gut metabolite profiling and composition in LPS-injected mice, which were also shown by PLS-DA and OPLS-DA. Furthermore, differential metabolites were identified by an univariate statistical analysis. For LPS stimulation, the gut metabolomics changed obviously, such as some lipid-related metabolites appeared increase. However, VD3 treatment had distinctive effects on the gut metabolomics, especially the induced appearance of protective Soyasaponins, with reduction in lipid-related metabolites.
Conclusions
VD3 affected the gut metabolomics and alleviated the epithelium inflammatory injuries in LPS-injected mice.
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