Da sempre la componente ossea ha rappresentato una barriera per l'esplorazione radiologica del massiccio facciale superiore, barriera che è stata superata soltanto con l'avvento della tomografia computerizzata, che ha consentito di ottenere, oltre all'evidenziazione delle strutture ossee, anche importanti informazioni sui tessuti molli sia superficiali che profondi. La TC costituisce attualmente la modalità di scelta per la valutazione delle cavità nasali e paranasali, ove è in grado di delineare in particolare l'anatomia del complesso ostiomeatale: valutazione quest'ultima ormai indispensabile nello studio della patologia infiammatoria, specie ai fini della preparazione alla chirurgia funzionale endoscopica.
La risonanza magnetica, pur con i limiti della non ottimale visualizzazione della componente ossea, permette, grazie alla sua sensibilità ed alla sua alta specificità, una differenziazione tissutale superiore rispetto alla TC come nel caso della patologia neoplastica ove consente spesso la distinzione tra tessuto neoplastico e materiale infiammatorio e/o da ritenzione specie endosinusale.
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