Endoscopic Orbital Decompression: Technical Pearls and Pitfalls of an Evolving Technique

Abstract

Background

First described in the early 1990s, endoscopic orbital decompression has become increasingly popular and has been shown to be a safe and effective approach for surgical decompression of the medial and inferior orbit.

Methods

We present our preferred technique for performing an endoscopic orbital decompression, highlighting key pearls and pitfalls.

Results

An endoscopic wide maxillary antrostomy and sphenoethmoidectomy is performed in standard fashion. We prefer to resect the middle turbinate for optimal exposure and access. The medial orbital wall is skeletonized and the lamina papyracea is carefully elevated, preserving the underlying periorbita. The orbital floor medial to the infraorbital nerve is resected. Once the periorbita is fully exposed, parallel axial incisions along the medial orbit and orbital floor are made from posterior to anterior using a sickle knife, taking care not to bury the tip to avoid injuring underlying orbital contents. The remaining fibrous bands are incised and prolapse of orbital fat is observed. Post extubation bag mask ventilation is limited to avoid subcutaneous emphysema.

Conclusion

Compared to open techniques, endoscopic orbital decompression provides superior visualization of critical anatomical landmarks, assures healthy sinus functioning post procedure, offers a lower complication rate, and avoids external incisions.