Peripheral nerve injury (PNI) is a common disabling condition primarily caused by trauma, such as traffic accidents and occupational injuries. Traditional treatments for PNI have significant limitations. Tissue-engineered nerve grafts (TENGs), which integrate biomaterials, neurotrophic factors, and seed cells, offer a novel solution for nerve regeneration. This review summarizes recent advances in TENGs, focusing on material optimization, preclinical studies, and challenges. Although TENGs show significant potential in repairing long-segment nerve defects, issues such as long-term safety, functional integration, and scalable production require further research. Future multidisciplinary innovations and optimized production processes may enable broader applications of TENGs in nerve regeneration medicine, providing more effective treatment options for patients.
Impact Statement
Tissue-engineered nerve grafts (TENGs) integrate biomaterials, neurotrophic factors, and seed cells to offer innovative solutions for repairing peripheral nerve injuries. This review highlights recent advancements in TENGs, strategies for material optimization, and challenges in clinical translation, while also exploring future directions. Further development of TENGs is expected to improve nerve regeneration outcomes and provide more effective, personalized treatment options for patients.
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