Chromolaena odorata (Syn: Eupatorium odoratum) is a perennial plant belonging to the Asteraceae family. Extracts of C. odorata have shown strong anti-oxidant and moderate anti-adipogenenesis activities. Detailed phytochemical investigation of C. odorata led to the isolation of 21 secondary metabolites, which include a new flavanone (3), and a chalcone, 3,2′-dihydroxy-4,4′,5′,6′-tetramethoxychalcone (2), reported for the first time from a natural source, besides three known compounds 1, 4 and 5, all of which are reported for the first time from C. odorata. Some of these compounds exhibited potent anti-oxidant and anti-adipogenesis activities and these may be partly responsible for the activity of the extract.
HolmG.L.R., PlucknetD.L., PanchoJ.V., HerbergerJ.P. (ed.), (1977) Chromolaena odorata. In The World's Worst Weeds: Distribution and Biology.The University Press of Hawaii, 212–216.
2.
LeT.T. (1995) The use of Eupolin prepared from Eupatorium odoratum to treat soft tissue wounds. The 5th European tissue repair society annual meeting, Padova, Italy (Abst.30).
3.
AkahP.A. (1990) Anti-microbial effects of crude Chromolaena odorata leaf extract. International Journal of Crude Drug Research, 28, 233–235.
IrobiO.N. (1992) Activities of Chromolaena odorata (Compositae) leaf extract against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Streptococcus faecalis. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 37, 81–83.
6.
CáceresA., MenéndezH., MéndezE., CohobónE., SamayoaB.E., JaureguiE., PeraltaE., CarrilloG. (1995) Anti-gonorrhoeal activity of plants used for the treatment of sexually transmitted diseases. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 48, 85–88.
7.
CollinsL.A., FranzblauS.G. (1997) Microplate alamar blue assay versus BACTEC 460 system for high-throughput screening of compounds against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium avium. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy.41, 1004–1009.
8.
Inya-AghaS.I., OguntimeinB.O., SofoworaA., BenjaminT.V. (1987) Phytochemical and antibacterial studies on the essential oil of Eupatorium odoratum. International Journal of Crude Drug Research, 25, 49–52.
9.
LamatyG., MenutC., Amvam ZolloP.H., KuiateJ.R., BessiereJ.M., QuambaJ.M., SilouT. (1992) Aromatic plants of tropical central Africa, IV. Essential oils of Eupatorium odoratum L.from Cameroon and Congo. Journal of Essential Oil Research, 4, 101–105.
10.
ChowdhuryA.R. (2002) Essential oils of the leaves of Eupatorium odoratum L.from Shillong (N.E). Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants, 5, 14–18.
11.
AhmadM., NabiM.N. (1967) Chemical investigations on the leaves of Eupatorium odoratum. Scientific Research, Dacca, Pakistan, 4, 154–157.
12.
TalapatraS.K., BharD.S., TalapatraB. (1974) Flavonoid and terpenoid constituents of Eupatorium odoratum. Phytochemistry, 13, 284–285.
13.
TalapatraS.K., BharD.S., TalapatraB. (1977) Terpenoids and related compounds; Part XIII. Indian Journal of Chemistry, 15B, 806–807.
14.
AreneE.O., PettitG.R., OdeR.H. (1978) Anti-neoplastic agents. Part 49. The isolation of isosakuranetinmethylether from Eupatorium odoratum. Lloydia, 41, 186–189.
MetwallyA.M., EkejiubaE.C. (1981) Methoxylated flavonols and flavanones from Eupatorium odoratum. Planta Medica, 42, 403–405.
17.
HaiM.A., BiswasP.K., ShilK.C., AhmadM.U. (1991) Chemical constituents of Eupatorium odoratum Linn. (Compositae). Journal of Bangladesh Chemical Society, 4, 47–49.
18.
HaiM.A., SahaK., AhmadM.U. (1995) Chemical constituents of Eupatorium odoratum Linn. (Compositae). Journal of Bangladesh Chemical Society, 8, 139–142.
19.
WollenweberE., DorrM., MuniappanR. (1995) Exudate flavonoids in a tropical weed, Chromolaena odorata (L.). Biochemical Systematics & Ecology, 23, 873–874.
20.
WollenweberE., RoitmanJ.N. (1996) A novel methyl ester of quercetagetin from Chromolaena odorata leaf exudate. Biochemical Systematics & Ecology, 24, 479–480.
BoseP.K., ChakrabartiP., ChakravartiS., DuttaS.P., BaruaA.K. (1974) Chemical examination of the leaves of Eupatorium odoratum. Transactions of the Bose Research Institute, 37, 25–30.
23.
BaruahR.N., PathakM.G. (1993) Fatty acid compositions of Chromolaena odorata flower fat. Indian Journal of Natural Products, 9, 17–18.
24.
BillerA., BoppreM., WitteL., HartmannT. (1994) Pyrrolizidine alkaloids in Chromolaena odorata. Chemical and chemoecological aspects. Phytochemistry, 35, 615–619.
25.
MartinezV., BarberaO., Sanchez PararedaJ., MarcoJ.A. (1987) Phenolic and acetylenic metabolites from Artemisia assoana. Phytochemistry, 26, 2619–2624.
VenkateswarluS., RamachandraM.S., KrishnamrajuA.V., TrimurtuluG., SubbarajuG.V. (2006) Antioxidant and antimicrobial activity evaluation of polyhydroxycinnamic acid ester derivatives. Indian Journal of Chemistry, 45B, 252–257.
28.
KerikoJ.M., NakajimaS., BabaN., IwasaJ. (1997) Eicosanyl-p-coumarates from a Kenyan plant, Psiadia punctulata, plant growth inhibitors. Bioscience, Biotechnology and Biochemistry, 61, 2127–2128.
29.
WagnerH., FarkasL., FloresG., StreliskyJ. (1974) Direkt synthese von 5,7-dihydroxy-6-methoxyflavonen. II. Synthesen von flavonen aus Eupatorium-Arten, II. Chemische Berichte, 107, 1049–1056.
30.
BalzaF., TowersG.H.N. (1984) Dihydroflavonols of Artemisia dracunculus. Phytochemistry, 23, 2333–2337.
31.
SciutoS., ChillemiR., PiattelliM., ImpellizzeriG. (1983) The identification of 4-hydroxy-N-methylproline in the red alga Chondria coerulescens spectral information. Phytochemistry, 22, 2311–2312.
32.
JonesG.P., NaiduB.P., WaiselY., SolomonA., PalegL.G. (2006) Occurrence and stress response of N-methyl proline compounds in Tamarix species. Phytochemistry, 67, 156–160.
33.
HaraguchiM., GorniakS.L., IkedaK., MinamiY., KatoA., WatsonA.A., NashR.J., MolyneuxR.J., AsanoN. (2003) Alkaloidal components in the poisonous plant, Ipomoea carnea. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 51, 4995–5000.
34.
SuksamrarnA., ChotipongA., SuavansriT., BoongirdS., TimsuksaiP., VimuttipongS., ChuaynugulA. (2004) Anti-mycobacterial activity and cytotoxicity of flavonoids from the flowers of Chromolaena odorata. Archives of Pharmacal Research, 27, 507–511.
35.
HerzW., GibajaS., BhatS.V., SrinivasanA. (1972) Dihydroflavonols and other flavonoids of Eupatorium species. Phytochemistry, 11, 2859–2863.
PhanT.T., WangL., SeeP., GrayerR.J., ChanS.Y., LeeS.T. (2001) Phenolic compounds of Chromolaena odorata protect cultured skin cells from oxidative damage: implication for cutaneous wound healing. Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 24, 1373–1379.
38.
DongH., GouY.L., CaoS.G., ChenS.X., SimK.Y., GohS.H., KiniR.M. (1999) Eicosenones and methylated flavonols from Amomum koenigii. Phytochemistry, 50, 899–902.
39.
ZaidiF., VoirinB., JayM., ViricelR.M. (1998) Free flavonoid aglycons fromleaves of Menthapulegium and Menthasuaveolens. Phytochemistry, 48, 991–994.
40.
McCordJ.M., FridovichI. (1969) Superoxide dismutase: An enzymatic function for erythrocuperin. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 244, 6049–6055.
41.
LamaisonJ.L., Ptitjean-FreytetC., CarnetA. (1991) Medicinal Lamiaceae with antioxidant properties, a potential source of rosmarinic acid. Pharmaceutica Acta Helvetiae, 66, 185–188.
42.
BenzineI.F., StrainJ.J. (1996) The ferric reducing ability plasma (FRAP) as a measure of “antioxidant power” The FRAP assay. Analytical Biochemistry, 239, 70–76.
43.
SenguptaK., MishraA.T., ManikeswarraoK., SarmaK.V.S., KrishnarajuA.V., TrimurtuluG. (2012) Efficacy of an herbal formulation LI10903F containing Dolilchosbiflorus and Piper betle extracts on weight management. Lipids in Health and Disease, 11: 176, 1–9.
Supplementary Material
Please find the following supplemental material available below.
For Open Access articles published under a Creative Commons License, all supplemental material carries the same license as the article it is associated with.
For non-Open Access articles published, all supplemental material carries a non-exclusive license, and permission requests for re-use of supplemental material or any part of supplemental material shall be sent directly to the copyright owner as specified in the copyright notice associated with the article.
