Analyses of essential oils obtained from fresh and dried leaves and inflorescences of Piper clausenianum were performed using GC-FID, GC-MS and NMR techniques. Forty compounds were detected for these four oils with the total of identified constituents ranging from 88.7% for the dried inflorescences to 97.7% for the dried leaves. Sesquiterpenes were the main constituents in the volatile fraction from leaves with a high percentage of (E)-nerolidol (up to 83%). However, monoterpenes were identified in greater amount in the inflorescences, with linalool percentages from 50% up. The essential oils from fresh leaves and inflorescences were submitted to anti-parasitic activity against a strain of Leishmania amazonensis. Both samples showed biological activity, but the essential oil from P. claussenianum fresh leaves, which was rich in (E)-nerolidol, showed effective growth inhibition of L. amazonensis due to the high percentage of this metabolite in the mixture.
YunkerTG. (1972)The Piperacee of Brazil. Hoehnea, 219-366;
2.
BarrosoGM. (1986) Sistemática de Angiospermas do Brasil, 3rd Ed., UFV, Viçosa, MG;
3.
GuimarãesEF, GiordanoLcs. (2004)Piperaceae do Nordeste brasileiro I: estado do Ceará.Rodriguésia, 55, 21–46.
4.
CorrêaMP. (1984) Dicionário das Plantas Úteis do Brasil e das Exóticas Cultivadas. (Reimpressão sem alterações edição 1926). Ministério da Agricultura / IBDF, Brasília, DF;
5.
NairMG, BurkeBA. (1990) Antimicrobial Piper metabolite and related compounds. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 381093–1096;
6.
EstrelaJlv, FazolinM, CataniV, AlécioMR, LimaMS. (2006) Toxicidade de óleos essenciais de Piper aduncum e Piper hispidinervum em Sitophilus zeamais. Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira, 41217–222;
7.
DanelutteAP, LagoJhg, YoungMcm, KatoMJ. (2003) Antifungal flavanones and prenylated hydroquinones from Piper crassinervium Kunth. Phytochemistry, 64555–559;
8.
LagoJH, RamosCS, CasanovaDC, MorandimAA, BergamoDC, CavalheiroAJ, BolzaniVS, FurlanMG, YoungMC, KatoMJ. (2004) Benzoic acid derivatives from Piper species and their fungitoxic activity against Cladosporium cladosporioides and C. sphaerospermum. Journal of Natural Products, 671783–1788;
9.
SunilaES, KuttanG. (2004) Immunomodulatory and antitumor activity of Piper nigrum Linn. and piperine. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 90339–346;
10.
MorandimAA, AlécioAC, RegasiniLO, BergamoDcb, TelascreaM, CavalheiroAJ, LopesMN, BolzaniVS, FurlanM, MarquesMom, YoungMcm, KatoMJ. (2006) Composition and antifungal activity of essential oils from Piper aduncum, Piper arboreum and Piper tuberculatum. Quimica Nova, 29467-470;
11.
GuerriniA, SacchettiG, RossiD, PaganettoG, MuzzoliM, AndreottiE, TognoliniM, MaldonadoME, BruniR. (2009)Bioactivities of Piper obliquum Ruiz and Pavon (Piperaceae) essential oils from Eastern Ecuador. Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology, 27, 39–48.
12.
ParmarVS, JainSC, BishtKS, JainR, TanejaP, JhaA, TyagiOD, PrasadAK, WengelJ, OlsenCE, BollPM. (1997) Phytochemistry of the genus Piper. Phytochemistry, 46597-673;
MoreiraDL, GuimarãesEF, KaplanMac. (2000) A C-glucosylflavone from Leaves of Piper lhotzkyanum. Phytochemistry, 55783-786;
15.
VelozoLS M, FerreiraMjp, SantosMirs, MoreiraDL, EmerencianoVP, KaplanMac. (2006) Unusual chromenes from Peperomia blanda. Phytochemistry, 67492-496;
16.
NaumovP, DragullK, YoshiokaM, TangChung-Shih, NgSW. (2008) Structural characterization of genuine (–)-pipermethystine, (–)-epoxypipermethystine, (+)-dihydromethysticin and yangonin from the kava plant (Piper methysticum). Natural Product Communications, 31333-1336.
17.
SetzerWN, ParkG, AgiusBR, StokesSL, WalkerTM, HaberWA. (2008) Chemical compositions and biological activities of leaf essential oils of twelve species of Piper from Monteverde, Costa Rica. Natural Product Communications, 31367-1374;
18.
AbreuO, PinoJA. (2008) Leaf oil composition of Piper aduncum subsp. ossanum (C. CD.) Saralegui from Cuba. Natural Product Communications, 3271-273;
19.
SteinU. (2001)Nutmeg (myristicin) poisoning — report on a fatal case and a series of cases recorded by a poison information centre. Forensic Science International, 11887-90;
20.
SantosP, MoreiraDL, GuimarãesEF, KaplanMac. (2001)Essential oil analysis of 10 Piperaceae species from the Brazilian Atlantic forest. Phytochemistry, 58547-551;
21.
MoreiraDL, CardosoGL, SousaPO, GuimarãesEF, PereiraNA, KaplanMac. (2001) Effect of leaf essential oil from P. solmsianum C.DC. in mice behaviour. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências, 7333-37.
22.
DesjeuxP. (1991) Information on the epidemiology and control of the leishmaniases by country and territory, Report n. 27. World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland;
23.
ArrudaDC, D'AlexandriFL, KatzinAM, UlianaSrb. (2005)Antileishmanial activity of the terpene nerolidol. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 491679–1687;
24.
SantosEct, MoreiraDL, KaplanMac, BergamanBR, MeirellesM. (1999) Selective effect of 2′,6′-dihydroxy-4′-methoxychalcone isolated from Piper aduncum on Leishmania amazonensis. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 431234-1241;
25.
RosaMss, FilhoRrm, BizzoHR, RodriguesIA, SoaresRma, PadroTS, AlvianoCS, LopesAhcs. (2003) Antileishmanial activity of a linalool-rich essential oil from Croton cajucara. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 47, 1895–1901.
26.
AdamsRP. (2001) Identification of essential oil components by gas chromatography/quadrupole mass spectrometry. Allured Publishing Corp, Carol Stream, IL;
27.
ParmarVS, JainSC, GuptaS, TalwarS, RajwanshiVK, KumarR, AzimA, MalhotraS. (1998) Polyphenols and alkaloids from Piper species. Phytochemistry, 491069-1078;
28.
MonzoneL, MontalvoAM, AlamanonniS. (2006) Activity of the essential oil from Chenopodium ambrosidoides grown in Cuba against Leishmania amazonensis. Microbiology., 52130-36;
29.
MacielMam, PintoAC, VeigaVfj, GrynbergN, EchevarriaA. (2002)Plantas medicinais: a necessidade de estudos multidiscilplinares. Química Nova, 25429-438.
