A novel prenylated flavanoid, isonymphaeol-D (1), together with two known compounds, isonymphaeol-B (2) and nymphaeol-B (3), were isolated from Egyptian propolis. The structures of the isolated compounds were determined by various spectroscopic methods. 1 exhibited antibacterial activity against Gram-positive (Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative strains (Serratia sp., Pseudomonos sp., Escherichia coli).
VelikovaM, BankovaV, TsvelkovaI, KujumgievA, MarcucciM. (2000) Antibacterial ent-kaurene from Brazilian propolis of native stingless bees. Fitoterapia, 71, 693–696.
2.
BankovaVB, De CastroSL, MarcucciMC. (2000) Propolis: recent advances in chemistry and plant origin. Apidologie, 31, 3–15.
3.
TatefujiT, YamauchiH, IkedaM, AndoS, KurimotoM. (1993) Effect of propolis obtained in Brazil on infectivity of viruses. Journal of Natural Medicines, 47, 60–64.
4.
SatoshiM, YoshikazuI, YukioN, ShozoO, TakashiS, YokoA, Kazu-MichiS, YukihiroA, YoshinoriN. (2005) Identification of caffeoylquinic acid derivatives from Brazilian propolis as constituents involved in induction of granulocytic differentiation of HL-60 cells. Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, 13, 5814–5818.
5.
JinUH, ChungTW, KangSK, SuhSJ, KimJK, ChungKH, GuYH, SuzukiI, KimCH. (2005) Caffeic acid phenyl ester in propolis is a strong inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-9 and invasion inhibitor: Isolation and identification. Clinica chimica Acta, 362, 57–64.
6.
El-KhawagaY, SalemTA, ElshalMF. (2003) Protective role of Egyptian propolis against tumor in mice. Clinica chimica Acta, 338, 11–16.
7.
MunkerR, AndreeffM. (1996) Induction of death (CD95/FAS), activation and adhesion molecules (CD54) on blast cells of acute myelogenous leukemia by TNF-α and IFN-γ. Cytokines and Molecular Therapy, 2, 147–159.
8.
BurdockGA. (1998) Review of the biological properties and toxicity of bee propolis (propolis). Food and Chemical Toxicology, 36, 347–363.
9.
BanskotaAH, TezukaY, KadotaS. (2001) Recent progress in pharmacological research of propolis. Phytotherapy Research, 15, 561–571.
10.
BankovaV, PopovaM, TrushevaB. (2006) Plant sources of propolis: an update from a chemist's point of view. Natural Product Communications, 1, 1023–1028.
11.
TazawaS, WarashinaT, NoroT, MiyaseT. (1998) Studies on the constituents of Brazilian propolis. Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 46, 1477–1479.
12.
TazawaS, WarashinaT, NoroT. (1998) Studies on the constituents of Brazilian propolis II. Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 47, 1388–1392.
13.
ParkYK, AlencarSM, AguiarCLJ. (2002) Botanical origin and chemical composition of Brazilian propolis. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 50, 2502–2506.
14.
AgrawalPK, RastogiRP. (1981) 13C NMR of flavonoids. Heterocycles, 16, 2181–2236.
15.
ShigenoriK, HitomiG, TomokoH, SyuichiF, TakunoriF, TsutomuN. (2004) A new prenylated flavonoid from propolis collected in Okinawa, Japan. Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry, 68, 260–262.
16.
YakushijinK, ShibayamaK, MurataH, FurukawaH. (1980) New prenylflavanones from Hernandia nymphaefolia (Presl) kubitzki. Heterocycles, 14, 397–401.
17.
GaffieldW. (1970) Circular dichroism, optical rotatory dispersion and absolute configuration of flavanones, 3-hydroxyflavanone and their glycosides: Determination of aglycone chirality in flavanone glycosides. Tetrahedron, 26, 4093–4108.
18.
JoklikKW, WillettPH, AmosBD. (1992) Zinsser microbiology. East Norwalk (CT): Appleton & Lange 20th Edn. 155.
