Verbascoside has been isolated form L. speciosa after several different chromatographic methods. After its purification, the structure has been unequivocally established using modern spectroscopic techniques. As for the antiviral activity, the maximum non toxic concentration has been established and this concentration has been used in the anti herpes assay, in vitro. Mechanism of action for this molecule regarding the anti-herpes activity has been studied encompassing the following assays: virucidal activity, cellular receptor assay, penetration assay and intracellular assay, in order to understand the activity for this natural product.
DimayugaRE, GarciaSK, NielsenPH, CarstenC. (1991) Carnosol: A diterpene antibiotic from Lepechinia hastata. Journal of Ethnopharmacology31, 43–48;
2.
GrahamJG, QuinnML, FabricantDS, FarnsworthNR., (2000) Plants used against cancer- an extension of the work of Jonathan Hartwell. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 73, 347–377;
3.
AzevedoJGA, LopezJLM, CortesAM. (2005) In vitro anti-Vibrio cholerae activity of essential oil from Lepechinia caulenscens. Fitoterapia, 76, 104–107;
4.
Román-RamosR, Flores-SáenzJL, Partida-HernándezG, Lara-LemusA, Alarcón-AguilarF. (1991) Experimental study of the hypoglycemic effect of some antidiabetic plants. Archivos de Investigacion Medica, 22, 87–93.
5.
Alarcon-AguilaraFJ, Roman-RamosR, Perez-GutierezS, Aguilar-ContrerasA, Contrera-WeberCC, Flores-SaenzS. (1998) Study of the anti-hiperglycemic effect of plants used as antidiabetics. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 61, 101–110.
6.
Aguirre-CrespoF, Vergara-GaliciaJ, Villalobos-MolinaR, López-GuerreroJL, Navarrete-VázquezG, Estrada-SotoS. (2006) Ursolic acid mediates the vasorelaxant activity of Lepechinia caulescens via NO release in isolated rat thoracic aorta. Life Sciences, 79, 1062–1068;
7.
Rodriguez-LopezV, SalazarL, EstradaS., (2003) Spasmolytic activity of several extracts obtained from some Mexican medicinal plants. Fitoterapia, 74, 725–728;
8.
Estrada-SotoS, Rodrígues-AvilezA, Castañeda-AvilaC, Castillo-EspañaP, Navarrete-VásquezG, HernándezL, Aguirre-CrespoF. (2007) Spasmolytic action of Lepechinia caulescens is through calcium channel blockade and NO release. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 114, 364–370.
9.
RojasR, BustamanteB, BauerJ. (2003) Antimicrobial activity of selected Peruvian medicinal. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 88, 199–204;
10.
JonathanLT, CheCT, PezzutoJM., (1989) 7-O-Methylhorminone and other cytotoxic diterpene quinones from Lepechinia bullata. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 31, 43–48.
11.
ParejoI, CapraiE, BastidaJ, ViladomatF, JaureguiO, CodinaC. (2004) Investigation of Lepechinia graveolens for its antioxidant activity and phenolic composition. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 94, 175–184.
12.
SchaefferHJ, BeauchampL, de MirandaP, ElionGB, BauerDJ, CollinsP. (1978) 9-(2-Hydroxyethoxymethyl) guanine activity against viruses of the herpes group. Nature (London), 272, 583–585.
13.
ChristophersJ, SuttonRN. (1987) Characterisation of acyclovir-resistant and -sensitive clinical herpes simplex virus isolates from an immunocompromised patient. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 20, 389–398.
14.
HennebelleT, SahpazS, JosephH, BailleulF. (2008) Ethnopharmacology ofLippia alba - Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 116, 211–222;
15.
ChenJL, BlancP, StoddartCA, BoganM, RozhonEJ, ParkinsonN, YeZ, CooperR, BalickM, NanakornW, KernanMR. (1998) New iridoids from the medicinal plant Barleria prionitis with potent activity against respiratory syncytial virus. Journal of Natural Products, 61, 1295–1297;
16.
KernanMR, AmarquayeA, ChenJL, ChanJ, SesinDF, ParkinsonN, YeZ, BarrettM, BalesC, StoddartCA, SloanB, BlancP, LimbachC, MrishoS, RozhonEJ., (1998) Antiviral phenylpropanoid glycoside from the medicinal plant Markhamia lutea. Journal of Natural Products61, 564–570.
17.
FalcãoDQ, CostaER, KusterRM, NielloudF, VianL, MenezesFS. (2007) Evaluation of cytotoxicity, phototoxicity and genotoxicity from Calceolaria chelidonioides (Scrophulariaceae) flowers ethanol extract. Planta Medica, 73, 477;
18.
FalcãoDQ, CostaER, KusterRM, NielloudF, VianL, MenezesFS., (2007) The obtention of an oil/water nanoemulsion containing the Calceolaria chelidonioides flowers ethanol extract and its skin hydration power. Planta Medica, 73, 631.
19.
MarkoulatosP, GeorgopoulouA, SiafakasN, PlakokefalosE, TzanakakiG, Kourea-KremastinouJ. (2001) Laboratory diagnosis of common herpesvirus infections of the central nervous system by a multiplex PCR assay. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 39, 4426–4432.
20.
MenezesFS; FalcãoDQ, Mendonça-FilhoRFW, SilveiraCS, RennóMN, RodriguesVP, MintoABM, MoreiraDL, MatheusME, FernandesPD, KaplanMAC. (2005) Chemical and pharmacological survey on Brazilian medicinal plants using ethnopharmacology information as a tool. Acta Horticulturae, 675, 89–95.
21.
WalkerWE, WaisbrenBA, MartinsRR, BatayiasGE. (1971) A method for determining sensitivities of antiviral drugs in vitro for possible use as clinical consultation. American Journal of Clinical Pathology, 56, 687–692;
22.
NeyndorffHC, BartelDL, TufaroF, LevyJG., (1990) Development of a model to demonstrate photosensitizer-mediated viral inactivation in blood. Transfusion, 30, 485–490;
23.
NishimuraT, TokuK, FukuyasuH., (1977) Antiviral compounds. XII. Antiviral activity of aminohydrazones of alkoxyphenil substituted carbonyl compounds against influenza virus in eggs and mice. Kitasato Archives of Experimental Medicine, 50, 39–46;
24.
ChenM, GriffithP, LuciaHL, HsiungGD., (1988) Efficacy of S26308 against guinea pig cytomegalovirus infection. Antimicrobial Agents Chemotherapy, 32, 678–683.
