The configuration and conformation of nicandrenone, isolated from Nicandra physalodes, are described using molecular modeling and NMR NOESY techniques. Amsterdam Density Functional (ADF) software was used, and the structures were those reduced to minimum energy molecular models, utilizing B3LYP executions and Density Functional Theory (DFT). The first spectral proof that this withanolide has a 22-R configuration is also provided. This method may be adaptable to other natural products.
Amsterdam Density Functional (ADF) software was obtained from Scientific Computing & Modelling NV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
2.
AbrahamRJ, FisherJ, LoftusP. (1992) Introduction to NMR Spectroscopy. Wiley, New York.
3.
BagnoA, RastrelliF, SaielliG. (2006) Toward the complete prediction of the 1H and 13C NMR spectra of complex organic molecules by DFT methods: application to natural substances. Chemistry - a European Journal, 12, 5514–5525.
4.
LevyG.C. (1973) Carbon-13-spin-lattice relaxation studies and their application to organic chemical problems. Accounts of Chemical Research, 6, 161–169.
5.
HaasnootCAG., De LeeuwFAAM, AltonaC. (1980) The relationship between proton-proton NMR coupling constants and substituent electronegativities-I: An empirical generalization of the Karplus equation. Tetrahedron, 36, 2783–2792.
6.
LuoS-Q, LinL-Z, CordellGA, XueL, JohnsonME. (1993) Assignment of the 1H and 13C NMR spectra of the C21 steroids 12-β-O-acetyltenacigenin A and tenacigenin A by two-dimensional NMR techniques and computer modeling. Magnetic Resonance in Chemistry, 31, 215–221.
7.
NalbandovO, YamamotoRT, FraenkelGS. (1964) Nicandrenone, a new compound with insecticidal properties, isolated from Nicandra physalodes. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 12, 55–59.
8.
BatesRB, EckertDJJ. (1972) Nicandrenone, an insecticidal plant steroid derivative with ring D aromatic. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 94, 8258–8260.
9.
StoltzBM, KanoT, CoreyEJ. (2000) Enantioselective total synthesis of nicandrenones. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 122, 9044–9045.
FanL.ZieglerT. (1991) Optimization of molecular structures by self-consistent and nonlocal density-functional theory. The Journal of Chemical Physics, 95, 7401–7408.
12.
VersluismL, ZieglerT. (1988) The determination of molecular structure by density functional theory. The Journal of Chemical Physics, 88, 322–328.