The focus of the study centered on television (TV) newsgathering techniques and if the techniques delineated the quality of journalistic presentation. College students (N = 493) were surveyed on preferences of production quality criteria associated with news stories produced by traditional two-person crews and backpack journalists (BPJs). Respondents were shown eight randomly selected videotaped news stories from a TV market that employed both traditional two-person news crews and BPJs. Each news story was judged on perceptions of pacing, camera composition, lighting, voice narration, interviews selected, and script production.
AlbersR. (1996). Quality in television from the perspective of the professional programme maker. In IshikawaS. (Ed.), Quality assessment of television (pp. 101–143). Luton, England: John Libbey Media.
2.
BantzC. (1982). Exploring uses and gratifications: A comparison of reported uses of television and reported uses of favorite program types. Communication Research, 9, 352–379.
3.
BantzC.McCorkleS.BaadeR. (1980). The news factory. Communication Research, 7, 45–68.
BerkowitzD. (1991). Assessing forces in the selection of local television news. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 35, 245–251.
6.
BerelsonB. (1952). Content analysis in communication research. New York, NY: Free Press.
7.
BlumlerJ. (1979). The role of theory in uses and gratifications studies. Communication Research, 6, 9–36.
8.
BockM. (2011). You really, truly, have to “be there” Video journalism as a social and material construction. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 88, 705–718.
9.
ClelandG.OstroffD. (1988). Satellite news gathering and news department operations. Journalism Quarterly, 65, 946–951.
10.
CumminsG.ChambersT. (2010). Balancing form and content in TV news: How production value impacts credibility and perceived economic value of content. Paper presented at the Broadcast Education Association Conference, April 16, 2010, Las Vegas, NV.
11.
CumminsG.ChambersT. (2011). How production value impacts perceived technical quality, credibility and economic value of video news. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 88, 737–752.
12.
DavieW.LeeJ. (1993). Television news technology: Do more sources mean less diversity?Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 37, 453–464.
13.
DiddiA.LaRoseR. (2006). Getting hooked on news: Uses and gratifications and the formation of news habits among college students in an internet environment. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 50, 193–210.
14.
DiefenbachD. (2008). Video production techniques: Theory and practice from a concept to screen. New York, NY: Lawrence Erlbaum.
15.
DrewD.CadwellR. (1985). Some effects of video editing on perceptions of television news. Journalism Quarterly, 62, 828–849.
16.
DrewD.GrimesT. (1987). Audio-visual redundancy in TV news recall. Communication Research, 14, 452–461.
17.
DeuzeM. (2004). What is multimedia journalism. Journalism Studies, 5, 139–152.
18.
DeuzeM. (2008). Understanding journalism as newswork: How it changes, and how it remains the same. Westminster Papers in Communication and Culture, 5, 4–23.
19.
EdwardsonM.GroomsD.PringleP. (1976). Visualization and TV news information gain. Journal of Broadcasting, 20, 373–380.
GantzW. (1978). How uses and gratifications affect recall on television news. Journalism Quarterly, 55, 664–672.
25.
GordonM.SladeL.SchmittN. (1986). The “science of the sophomore” revisited: From conjecture to empiricism. Academy of Management Review, 11, 191–207.
26.
GrabeM.ZhouS.LangA.BollsP. (2000). Packaging television news: The effects of tabloid on information processing and evaluative responses. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 44, 581–598.
27.
GunterB. (1980). Remembering television news: Effects of picture content. The Journal of General Psychology, 102, 127–133.
28.
HackettR. (1984). Decline of a paradigm? Bias and objectivity in news media studies. In GurevitchM.LevyM. (Eds.), Mass communication review yearbook (pp. 251–274). Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
29.
HeadleyD. (2013). Social moments in solo videojournalism: Conveying subjective social reality through editorial vision and video. Digital Journalism, 1, 64–81.
30.
HenkeL. (1985). Perceptions and use of news media by college students. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 29, 431–436.
31.
Higgins-DobneyC.SussmanG. (2013). The growth of TV news, the demise of the journalism profession. Media, Culture & Society, 35, 847–863.
32.
HillveP.RosengrenK. (1996). Swedish public service television—Quality of sale. In IshikawaS. (Ed.), Quality assessment of television (pp. 231–252). Luton, England: John Libbey Media.
33.
HuangE.RademakersL.FayemiwoM.DunlapL. (2004). Converged journalism and quality: A case study of the Tampa tribune news stories. Convergence: The International Journal of Research into New Media Technologies, 10, 73–91.
34.
IshikawaS. (1996). The assessment of quality broadcasting: Research in Japan. In IshikawaS. (Ed.), Quality assessment of television (pp. 89–98). University of Luton Press.
JohnsonT.KayeB. (1998). Cruising is believing? Comparing internet and traditional sources on media credibility measures. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 75, 325–340.
37.
KatzE.BlumlerJ.GurevitchM. (1974). Uses and gratifications research. Public Opinion Quarterly, 37, 509–523.
38.
KayeB.JohnsonT. (2003). From here to obscurity? Media substitution theory and traditional media in an on-line world. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 54, 260–273.
39.
KerrP. (1990). Never mind the quality…. In MulganG. (Ed.), Question of quality (pp. 43–55). Suffolk, NY: St. Edmundsbury Press.
40.
LacyS.AtwaterT.QinX.PowersA. (1988). Cost and competition in the adoption of satellite newsgathering technology. Journal of Media Economics, 1, 51–59.
41.
LangA.PotterD.GrabeM. (2003). Making news memorable: Applying theory to the production of local television news. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 47, 113–123.
42.
LeggattT. (1996). Quality in television: The views of professionals. In IshikawaS. (Ed.), Quality assessment of television (pp. 145–167). Luton, England: John Libbey Media.
43.
LevyM. (1979). Watching TV news as para-social interaction. Journal of Broadcasting, 23, 69–80.
44.
LevyM.WindahlS. (1984). Audience activity and gratifications: A conceptual clarification and exploration. Communication Research, 11, 51–78.
45.
LevyM.WindahlS. (1985). The concept of audience activity. In RosengrenK.WennerL.PalmgreenP., (Eds.), Media gratifications research: Current perspectives (pp. 109–122). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
46.
LinC. (1992). Audience selectivity of local television newscasts. Journalism Quarterly, 69, 373–382.
47.
LinC.JeffresL. (2001). Comparing distinctions and similarities across websites of newspapers, radio stations, and television stations. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 78, 555–573.
48.
LindekugelD. (1994). Shooters: TV news photographers and their work. Westport, CT: Praeger.
49.
LomettiG.ReevesB.BybeeC. (1977). Investigating the assumptions of uses and gratifications research. Communication Research, 4, 321–338.
50.
McLeanJ. (2005). When head office was upstairs: How corporate concentration changed a television newsroom. Canadian Journal of Communication, 30, 325–342.
51.
McQuailD. (1992). Media performance: Mass communication and the public interest. London, England: Sage.
52.
McQuailD.BlumlerJ.BrownJ. (1972). The television audience: A revised perspective. In McQuailD. (Ed.), Sociology of mass communications (pp. 135–165). Middlesex, England: Penguin.
53.
MeijerI. (2003). What is quality television news? A plea for extending the professional repertoire of newsmakers. Journalism Studies, 4, 15–30.
54.
O’KeefeG.SpetnagelH. (1973). Patterns of college students’ use of selected news media. Journalism Quarterly, 50, 543–548.
55.
PalmgreenP.WennerL. A.RayburnJ. D. (1980). Relationships between gratifications sought and obtained: A study of television news. Communication Research, 7, 161–192.
56.
PapacharissiZ.RubinA. (2000). Predictors of internet use. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 44, 175–196.
57.
PavlikJ.McIntoshS. (2005). Convergence and its consequences. Reading, 3, 67–73.
PingreeS.HawkinsR.HitchonJ.GilliganE.RadlerB.KahlorL.…KannaovakunP. (2001). If college students are appointment television viewers…Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 45, 446–463.
61.
PotterD. (2001). Point, shoot, and ask. American Journalism Review, 23, 64.
62.
PratoL. (1999). Photogs: New cameras a lumbar of love. Electronic Media, 18, 1999.
63.
RayburnJ.PalmgreenP. (1984). Merging uses and gratifications and expectancy—Value theory. Communication Research, 11, 537–562.
64.
RobertsC.DicksonS. (1984). Assessing quality in local TV news. Journalism Quarterly, Summer, 61, 392–398.
65.
RosengrenK.CarlssonM.TagerudY. (1996). Quality in programming: Views from the north. In IshikawaS. (Ed.), Quality assessment of television (pp. 3–48). Luton, England: John Libbey Media.
66.
RubinA. (1983). Television uses and gratifications: The interactions of viewing patterns and motivations. Journal of Broadcasting, 27, 37–51.
67.
RubinA. (1984). Ritualized and instrumental television viewing. Journal of Communication, 34, 67–77.
68.
RubinA. (1985). Media gratifications through the life cycle. In RosengrenK.WennerL.PalmgreenP. (Eds.), Media gratifications research: Current perspectives (pp. 195–208). Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
69.
RubinR.PerseE. (1987). Audience activity and television news gratifications. Communication Research, 14, 58–84.
70.
ShamirJ. (2007). Quality assessment of television programs in Israel: Can viewers recognize production value?Journal of Applied Communication Research, 35, 320–341.
71.
SmithG. (2007). WKRN: Using video journalist to break out of the pack. Feedback, 48, 4–8.
72.
SmithC. (1984). Newsgathering technology and the content of local television news. Journal of Broadcasting, 28, 99–102.
SundarS. (1999). Exploring receiver’s criteria for perception of print and online news. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 76, 373–386.
75.
TuchmanG. (1973). The technology of objectivity: Doing ‘objective’ TV news film. Urban Life and Culture, 2, 3–26.
76.
VincentR.BasilM. (1997). College student’s news gratifications, media use, and current events knowledge. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 41, 380–392.
77.
WalkeL. (2003). Comments of the National Association of Broadcasters, June 30, 2003. Retrieved on April 13, 2006, fromwww.gao.gov/cgi-bin/getrpt?GAO-04-735R
78.
WallaceS. (2009). Watchdog or witness? The emerging forms and practices of videojournalism. Journalism, 10, 684–701.
79.
WallaceS. (2013). The complexities of convergence multiskilled journalists working in BBC regional multimedia newsrooms. International Communication Gazette, 75, 99–117.
80.
WulfemeyerT. (1982). Developing and testing method for assessing local TV newscasts. Journalism Quarterly, Spring, 59, 79–82.
81.
WulfemeyerT. (1983). The interests and preferences of audience for local television news. Journalism Quarterly, 60, 323–328.
82.
WulfemeyerT. (1984). Perceptions of viewer interests by local TV journalists. Journalism Quarterly, 61, 432–435.
83.
YoakamR.CremerC. (1985). ENG: Television news and the new technology. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press.
