Abstract
This study presents a bi-objective mathematical model for selecting appropriate safety measures in the Mashhad construction industry. The objective functions involve minimizing the maximum total risk of hazards and the costs associated with implementing safety measures along with the cost of potential risks. Hazards were determined and prioritized through interviews with project managers and the application of Failure Mode and Error Analysis (FMEA). The optimization model, developed under fuzzy conditions, utilized the fuzzy order function method. The NSGA-II meta-heuristic algorithm was employed to solve the model, and its results were compared against fuzzy optimization model's solution quality. FMEA results highlighted human resources’ carelessness or inaccuracy as the most critical risk based on Risk Priority Scores (RPN). Providing safety tools and equipment emerged as the most significant safety measure. Sensitivity analysis revealed that not implementing safety measures had a more detrimental effect on project cost than the expenses associated with their execution. Additionally, findings indicated that the fuzzy order function method enhanced the optimization model's solution by considering uncertainty.
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