la obesidad es un problema de salud pública a nivel mundial, cuya prevalencia ha aumentado sostenidamente en Latinoamerica. En Chile, el 75% de la población tiene sobrepeso u obesidad, siendo esta última más prevalente en mujeres (38%) que en hombres (30%). Si bien la percepción de apoyo social ha sido identificada como un factor protector para el desarrollo de la obesidad, el papel de la sintomatología depresiva y la alimentación emocional como mecanismos mediadores ha sido menos estudiado.
Objetivo:
determinar si el vínculo entre la percepción de apoyo social y el perímetro de cintura está mediado por la sintomatología depresiva y la alimentación emocional en una muestra de adultos chilenos estratificada por sexo.
Métodos:
trescientos veinticinco (n = 325) adultos chilenos de una región del sur de Chile fueron seleccionados mediante un muestreo no probabilístico intencional (55% mujeres, Medad mujeres = 57.21, Medad hombres = 58.34). Se midió el perímetro de cintura como indicador de obesidad y se utilizaron instrumentos de autorreporte para evaluar variables psicológicas, conductuales y sociodemográficas.
Resultados:
la alimentación emocional medió totalmente el vínculo entre sintomatología depresiva y perímetro de cintura tanto en hombres (β = 0.089, p = 0.042), como en mujeres (β = 0.086, p = 0.013). La percepción de apoyo social se vinculó indirecta y negativamente con el perímetro de cintura a través de una secuencia de mediación que incluyó sintomatología depresiva y alimentación emocional solo en mujeres (β = −0.043, p = 0.015).
Conclusiones:
la alimentación emocional es una variable a través de la cual la sintomatología depresiva se vincula con obesidad tanto en hombres como mujeres. Los hallazgos avalan el papel protector de la percepción de apoyo social en obesidad en mujeres, lo que puede orientar el desarrollo de estrategias para disminuir las altas tasas de obesidad en población chilena adulta.
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