Representaciones de la salud mental en dos diarios de circulación nacional en Perú

Abstract

Antecedentes:

Los medios de comunicación son una de las fuentes que modelan las representaciones de la salud mental. Sólo un estudio previo realizado en Perú ha analizado las noticias sobre la salud mental en los medios de comunicación.

Objetivo:

describir cómo se representa la salud mental en la prensa escrita de alcance nacional en el Perú.

Método:

se utilizó la técnica de análisis de contenido. Se realizó una búsqueda de artículos a partir de una lista de términos relacionados con salud mental en 30 ediciones de dos diarios de circulación nacional del año 2016. Se identificaron 351 artículos, de los cuales se extrajo información sobre los términos de salud mental utilizados, el nivel de contenido de salud mental, la presencia de fuentes citadas, la inclusión de personajes y la valoración atribuida a estos.

Resultados:

271 artículos (77.21%) contenían términos referidos a salud mental, pero sin ser desarrollados, 51 (14.53%) abordaban la salud mental de manera parcial, y solo 29 (8.26%) lo hacían como tema principal. Entre los 80 artículos que abordaban la salud mental de manera parcial o principal, solo 32 (40%) citaban fuentes. Finalmente, de los 59 artículos que hacían referencia a personajes, 29 (49.15%) los describían de manera negativa.

Conclusiones:

la prensa escrita suele utilizar términos de salud mental, pero sin desarrollar el tema en profundidad. El uso de fuentes es infrecuente y no se cita a personas con afecciones de salud mental. Al describirlas, se destaca su inestabilidad y peligrosidad. Estos hallazgos sugieren que la prensa escrita podría contribuir al fortalecimiento del estigma relacionado con la salud mental.

Keywords

salud mental comunicación (incluyendo mercadeo social,campañas educativas y comunicaciones a través de los medios)prensa escrita estigma

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