Characterizing the vibroacoustic response of pickleball paddles through impact testing and laser Doppler vibrometry

Abstract

This study investigates the vibroacoustic behavior of pickleball paddles, focusing on identifying the vibrational mode that contributes most significantly to noise during gameplay. Thirteen paddles from ten different brands, made from materials including wood, fiberglass, graphitic carbon fiber, and polypropylene, were evaluated using experimental modal analysis and scanning laser Doppler vibrometry. Acoustic testing in an anechoic chamber correlated paddle vibrations with the noise produced during paddle-to-ball impacts. Results indicate that, although structural vibration modes vary across brands, the primary contributor to acoustic emissions is the first “membrane mode,” typically occurring between 980 and 1477 Hz. Graphite-polymer paddles exhibited higher fundamental frequencies with lower damping ratios, while wooden paddles produced lower fundamental frequencies with higher damping. These findings highlight the critical role of material properties and paddle design in shaping both vibrational and acoustic behavior, offering valuable insights for manufacturers seeking to improve player experience while reducing noise during gameplay.