Appraisal Theories of Emotion: State of the Art and Future Development

Anderson J. R. (1992). Automaticity and the ACT* theory. American Journal of Psychology, 105, 165–180.

Aristotle. (1954). Rhetoric. ( Roberts W. R. , Trans.). New York, NY: Modern Library.

Arnold M. B. (1960). Emotion and personality. New York, NY: Columbia University Press.

Aue T. Flykt A. Scherer K. R. (2007). First evidence for differential and sequential efferent effects of goal relevance and goal conduciveness appraisal. Biological Psychology, 74, 347–357.

Aue T. Scherer K. R. (2008). Appraisal-driven somatovisceral response patterning: Effects of intrinsic pleasantness and goal conduciveness. Biological Psychology, 79, 158–164.

Barrett L. F. (2009). Variety is the spice of life: A psychological constructionist approach to understanding variability in emotion. Cognition & Emotion, 23, 1284–1306.

Clore G. L. Ortony A. (2000). Cognition in emotion: Always, sometimes, or never? In Nadel L. Lane R. Ahern G. L. (Eds.), The cognitive neuroscience of emotion (pp. 24–61). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.

Darwin C. (1872). The expression of the emotions in man and animals. London, UK: John Murray

Désiré L. Veissier I. Després G. Boissy A. (2004). On the way to assess emotions in animals: Do lambs (Ovis aries) evaluate an event through its suddenness, novelty, or unpredictability? Journal of Comparative Psychology, 118, 363–374.

Ekman P. (1994). All emotions are basic. In Ekman P. Davidson R. J. (Eds.), The nature of emotion: Fundamental questions (pp. 15–19). Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.

Ellsworth P. C. (1991). Some implications of cognitive appraisal theories of emotion. In Strongman K. T. (Ed.), International review of studies on emotion (Vol. 1, pp. 143–161). New York, NY: Wiley.

Ellsworth P. C. (1994). Sense, culture, and sensibility. In Kitayama S. Markus H. (Eds.), Emotion and culture: Empirical studies of mutual influence (pp. 192–196). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

Ellsworth P. C. (2013). Appraisal theory: Old and new questions. Emotion Review, 5, 125–131.

Ellsworth P. C. Scherer K. R. (2003). Appraisal processes in emotion. In Davidson R. J. Scherer K. R. Goldsmith H. H. Handbook of affective sciences (pp. 572–595). Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.

Ellsworth P. C. Tong E. M. W. (2006). What does it mean to be angry at yourself? Categories, appraisals, and the problem of language. Emotion, 6, 572–586.

Frankfurt H. G. (1988). The importance of what we care about. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.

Frijda N. H. (1986). The emotions. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.

Frijda N. H. (2007). The laws of emotion. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.

Frijda N. H. (2009). Emotions, individual differences and time course: Reflections. Cognition & Emotion, 23, 1444–1461.

Frijda N. H. Kuipers P. ter Schure E. (1989). Relations among emotion, appraisal, and emotional action readiness. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57, 212–228.

Gibson J. J. (1979). The ecological approach to visual perception. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin.

Grandjean D. Scherer K. R. (2008). Unpacking the cognitive architecture of emotion processes. Emotion, 8, 341–351.

Hume D. (1969). A treatise of human nature. Harmondsworth, UK: Penguin. (Original work published 1739–1740)

Imada T. Ellsworth P. C. (2011). Proud Americans and lucky Japanese: Cultural differences in appraisal and corresponding emotion. Emotion, 11, 329–345.

James W. (1890). The principles of psychology. New York, NY: Dover.

Laird J. D. Bresler C. (1992). The process of emotional experience: A self-perception theory. In Clark M. S. (Ed.), Review of personality and social psychology: Emotion (Vol. 13, pp. 213–234). Newbury Park, CA: SAGE.

Lambie J. A. Marcel A. (2002). Consciousness and emotion experience: A theoretical framework. Psychological Review, 109, 219–259.

Lazarus R. S. (1966). Psychological stress and the coping process. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.

Lazarus R. S. (1991). Emotion and adaptation. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.

Leventhal H. Scherer K. R. (1987). The relationship of emotion to cognition: A functional approach to a semantic controversy. Cognition & Emotion, 1, 3–28.

Lewis M. D. Todd R. M. (2007). The self-regulating brain: Cortical- subcortical feedback and the development of intelligent action. Cognitive Development, 22, 406–430.

Matsumoto D. Ekman P. (2009). Basic emotions. In Sander D. Scherer K. R. (Eds.), Oxford companion to affective sciences (pp. 69–72). Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.

Mesquita B. Frijda N. H. (2011). An emotion perspective on emotion regulation. Cognition & Emotion, 25, 782–784.

Moors A. (2010). Automatic constructive appraisal as a candidate cause of emotion. Emotion Review, 2, 139–156.

Moors A. (2013). On the causal role of appraisal in emotion. Emotion Review, 5, 132–140.

Oatley K. Johnson-Laird P. N. (1987). Towards a cognitive theory of emotions. Cognition & Emotion, 1, 29–50.

Parkinson B. (2007). Getting from situations to emotions: Appraisal and other routes. Emotion, 7, 21–25.

Reisenzein R. (1994). Pleasure-arousal theory and the intensity of emotions. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 67, 525–539.

Roseman I. J. (1984). Cognitive determinants of emotions: A structural theory. In Shaver P. (Ed.), Review of personality and social psychology (Vol. 5, pp. 11–36). Beverly Hills, CA: SAGE.

Roseman I. J. (1996). Why these appraisals? Anchoring appraisal models to research on emotional behavior and related response systems. In Frijda N. H. (Ed.), Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference of the International Society for Research on Emotions (pp. 106–110). Toronto, Canada: International Society for Research on Emotions.

Roseman I. J. (2001). A model of appraisal in the emotion system: Integrating theory, research, and applications. In Scherer K. R. Schorr A. Johnstone T. (Eds.), Appraisal processes in emotion: Theory, methods, research (pp. 68–91). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.

Roseman I. J. (2013). Appraisal in the emotion system: Coherence in strategies for coping. Emotion Review, 5, 141–149.

Roseman I. J. Smith C. A. (2001). Appraisal theory: Overview, assumptions, varieties, controversies. In Scherer K. R. Schorr A. Johnstone T. (Eds.), Appraisal processes in emotion: Theory, methods, research (pp. 3–34). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.

Roseman I. J. Spindel M. S. Jose E. P. (1990). Appraisals of emotion-eliciting events: Testing a theory of discrete emotions. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 59, 899–915.

Russell J. A. (2003). Core affect and the psychological construction of emotion. Psychological Review, 110, 145–172.

Sander D. Grafman J. Zalla T. (2003). The human amygdala: An evolved system for relevance detection. Reviews in the Neurosciences, 14, 303–316.

Sartre J. P. (1939). Esquisse d’une théorie phénomenologique des émotions. Paris, France: Hermann.

Schachter S. (1964). The interaction of cognitive and physiological determinants of emotional state. Advances in Experiment Social Psychology, 1, 49–80.

Scherer K. R. (1984). On the nature and function of emotions: A component process approach. In Scherer K. R. Ekman P. (Eds.), Approaches to emotion (pp. 293–317). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

Scherer K. R. (1993). Studying the emotion-antecedent appraisal process: An expert system approach. Cognition & Emotion, 7, 325–355.

Scherer K. R. (1999). Appraisal theory. In Dalgleish T. Power M. (Eds.), Handbook of cognition and emotion (pp. 637–661). Chichester, UK: Wiley.

Scherer K. R. (2001). Appraisal considered as a process of multilevel sequential checking. In Scherer K. R. Schorr A. Johnstone T. (Eds.), Appraisal processes in emotion: Theory, methods, research (pp. 92–120). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.

Scherer K. R. (2004). Feelings integrate the central representation of appraisal-driven response organization in emotion. In Manstead A. S. R. Frijda N. H. Fischer A. H. (Eds.), Feelings and emotions: The Amsterdam Symposium (pp. 136–157). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

Scherer K. R. (2009). The dynamic architecture of emotion: Evidence for the component process model. Cognition & Emotion, 23, 1307–1351.

Scherer K. R. (2013). The nature and dynamics of relevance and valence appraisals: Theoretical advances and recent evidence. Emotion Review, 5, 150–162.

Scherer K. R. Ellgring H. (2007). Are facial expressions of emotion produced by categorical affect programs or dynamically driven by appraisal? Emotion, 7, 113–130.

Scherer K. R. Zentner M. R. Stern D. (2004). Beyond surprise: The puzzle of infants’ expressive reactions to expectancy violation. Emotion, 4, 389–402.

Smith C. A. (1989). Dimensions of appraisal and physiological response in emotion. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 56, 339–353.

Smith C. A. Ellsworth P. C. (1985). Patterns of cognitive appraisal in emotion. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 48, 813–838.

Smith C. A. Kirby L. D. (2001). Toward delivering on the promise of appraisal theory. In Scherer K. R. Schorr A. Johnstone T. (Eds.), Appraisal processes in emotion: Theory, methods, research (pp. 121–138). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.

Spinoza B. (1989). Ethica ( Parkinson G. H. R. , Trans.). London, UK: Everyman’s Library. (Original work published 1677)

Tomkins S. S. (1962). Affect, imagery, consciousness, Vol. I: The positive affects. New York, NY: Springer.

Wundt W. (1896). Grundriss der Psychologie [Outlines of psychology]. Leipzig, Germany: Wilhelm Engelmann.