I analyze the linguistic picture of the Portuguese emotion saudade, roughly “nostalgia,” in an attempt to show its cultural significance and contradict the view that nostalgia is a marginal feeling, deprived of any practical function.
Academia das Cienciâs de Lisboa. (2001). Dicionário da língua Portuguesa contemporânea [Dictionary of contemporary Portuguese language]. Lisboa, Portugal: Verbo.
2.
ApresjanJu. (1992). Lexical semantics: User’s guide to contemporary Russian vocabulary. Ann Arbor, MI: Karoma. (Original work published 1974)
3.
ApresjanJu. (1994). Naiwny obraz świata a leksykografia [Naive picture of the world and lexicography]. Etnolingwistyka, 6, 5–12.
4.
ApresjanJu.ApresjanV. J. (2000). Metaphor in the semantic representation of emotions. In ApresjanJu. (Ed.), Systematic lexicography (pp. 203–214). Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
5.
BarretoM. (1959). Fado, a canção portuguesa [Fado, a Portuguese song]. Lisboa, Portugal.
6.
BarretoM. (1965). Fado: Origens liricas e motivação poética [Fado: Its lyric origins and poetic motivation]. Lisboa, Portugal: Aster.
7.
BotelhoA. (1990). Da saudade ao saudosismo [From saudade to saudosismo]. Lisboa, Portugal: Instituto de Cultura e Língua Portuguesa (ICALP).
8.
Bułat SilvaZ. (2006). Alma, czyli “portugalska dusza” [Alma, or Portuguese soul]. Studia Linguistica, 25, 25–48.
9.
Bułat SilvaZ. (2008). Fado—Podejście semantyczne. Próba interpretacji słów kluczy [Fado - a semantic approach. Interpreting its key words]. Wroclaw, Poland: ATUT.
10.
Campos MatosS. (1998). Historiografia e mito no Portugal oitocentista—A ideia de carácter nacional [Historiography and myth in 19th-century Portugal. A notion of national character]. Actas dos IV Cursos Internacionais de Verão de Cascais, 3, 245–258.
11.
CarvalhoP. (1982). História do fado [History of fado]. Lisboa, Portugal: Publicações Dom Quixote. (Original work published 1903)
12.
CohenD. (2003). Fado português. Songs from the soul of Portugal. London, UK: Wise.
13.
DixonT. (2003). From passions to emotions: The creation of a secular psychological category. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
14.
EkmanP.DavidsonR. J. (Eds.). (1994). The nature of emotions. Fundamental questions. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
15.
FarrellP. (2006). Portuguese saudade and other emotions of absence and longing. In PeetersB. (Ed.), Semantic primes and universal grammar: Empirical evidence from the Romance languages (pp. 235–258). Amsterdam, The Netherlands: John Benjamins.
16.
FigueiredoC. (1981). Pequeno dicionário da língua Portuguesa [Small dictionary of Portuguese language]. Lisboa, Portugal: Livraria Bertrand. (Original work published 1924)
17.
FreitasF. (1973). O fado, canção da cidade de Lisboa, suas origens e evolução [Fado, a song from Lisbon, its beginnings and evolution]. Sociedade de Língua Portuguesa, 225–237.
18.
FrijdaN. (1994a). Emotions are functional, most of the time. In EkmanP.DavidsonR. J. (Eds.), The nature of emotions: Fundamental questions (pp. 112–122). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
19.
FrijdaN. (1994b). Varieties of affect: emotions and episodes, moods, and sentiments. In EkmanP.DavidsonR. J. (Eds.), The nature of emotions. Fundamental questions (pp. 59–67). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
20.
GoddardC. (1998). Semantic analysis: A practical introduction (1st ed.). Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
21.
GoddardC. (2001). Lexico-semantic universals: A critical overview. Linguistic Typology, 5, 1–65.
22.
GoddardC. (2008). Cross-linguistic semantics. Amsterdam, The Netherlands: John Benjamins.
23.
GoddardC. (2010). Universals and variation in the lexicon of mental states concepts. In MaltB.WolffP. (Eds.), Words and the world: How words capture human experience (pp. 72–92). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
24.
GoddardC.WierzbickaA. (Eds.). (1994). Semantic and lexical universals: Theory and empirical findings. Amsterdam, The Netherlands: John Benjamins.
25.
GoddardC.WierzbickaA. (Eds.). (2002). Meaning and universal grammar: Theory and empirical findings (Vols. 1– 2). Amsterdam, The Netherlands: John Benjamins.
26.
GriesS. T.StefanowitschA. (2006). Corpus-based approaches to metaphor and metonymy. Berlin, Germany: Mouton de Gruyter.
27.
GuimarãesA. P. (1992). Olhos, coração e mãos no Cancioneiro Popular Português [Eyes, heart and hands in the Cancioneiro Popular Português]. Lisboa, Portugal: Vega.
28.
IzardC. (2010). The many meanings/aspects of emotion: Definitions, functions, activation, and regulation. Emotion Review, 2, 363–370.
ŁukaszykE. (2005). Portugalczyk—Człowiek dnia wczorajszego [Portuguese man—the man of yesterday]. In Eminowicz- JaśkowskaT.ŁukaszykE. (Eds.), Almanach portugalskojęzyczny (pp. 101–114). Kraków, Poland: Księgarnia Akademicka.
31.
MachadoJ. P. (Ed.). (1977). Dicionário etimológico da língua Portuguesa [Etymological dictionary of Portuguese language]. Lisboa, Portugal: Livros Horizonte.
32.
MachadoJ. P. (Ed.). (1981). Grande dicionário da língua Portuguesa [Great dictionary of Portuguese language]. Lisboa, Portugal: Amigos do Livro Editores.
33.
MoitaL. (1936). O fado, canção de vencidos: Oito palestras na Emissora Nacional [Fado - Song of the defeated. Eight talks on National Radio.] Lisboa, Portugal: Empressa do Anuário Comercial.
34.
Morais SilvaA. (1949). Grande dicionário da língua Portuguesa [Great dictionary of Portuguese language]. Lisboa, Portugal: Confluência.
PaezD.VergaraA. I. (1995). Culture differences in emotional knowledge. In RussellJ. (Ed.), Everyday conceptions of emotion: An introduction to the psychology, anthropology, and linguistics of emotion (pp. 415–434). Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer.
37.
PimentelA. (1989). A triste canção do sul: Subsidios para a história do Fado [A sad song from the South: Subsidy for the history of Fado]. Lisboa, Portugal: Publicações Dom Quixote. (Original work published 1904)
38.
Pinto QueirozI. (2010). A fatalidade de ser Português [A fatality of being Portuguese]. Jornal de Letras, Artes e Ideias, 1047, 25.
RoqueteJ. I.FonsecaJ. (1974). Dicionário dos sinónimos poético e de epítetos da língua Portuguesa. Porto, Portugal: Lello & Irmão. (Original work published 1848)
RussellJ. (Ed.). (1995). Everyday conceptions of emotion: An introduction to the psychology, anthropology, and linguistics of emotion. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer.
44.
Sampaio SerenoM. H. (1996). Contributo para a análise sintáctico-semântica e textual de alguns verbos de afecto [Contribution to a syntactic, semantic and textual analysis of some emotion verbs]. Porto, Portugal: [s.n.].
45.
SchererK. R. (1994). Toward a concept of “modal emotions.” In EkmanP.DavidsonR. J. (Eds.), The nature of emotions: Fundamental questions (pp. 25–31). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
46.
ShwederR. A.HaidtJ. (2004). The cultural psychology of the emotions: Ancient and new. In LewisM.Haviland-JonesJ. (Eds.), Handbook of emotions (pp. 397–414). New York, NY: Guilford Press.
47.
VernonP. (1998). A history of the Portuguese fado. Brookfield, WI: Ashgate.
48.
WheelerD. L. (1993). Historical dictionary of Portugal. Metuchen, NJ: Scarecrow Press.
49.
WidenS. C.RussellJ. A. (2010). Descriptive and prescriptive definitions of emotion. Emotion Review, 2, 377–378.
50.
WierzbickaA. (1995). Everyday conceptions of emotion: A semantic perspective. In RussellJ. (Ed.), Everyday conceptions of emotion: An introduction to the psychology, anthropology, and linguistics of emotion (pp. 17–47). Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer.
51.
WierzbickaA. (1996). Semantics: Primes and universals. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
52.
WierzbickaA. (1997). Understanding cultures through their keywords. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
53.
WierzbickaA. (2009). Language and metalanguage: Key issues in emotion research. Emotion Review, 1, 3–14.
54.
WierzbickaA. (2010). Cultural scripts and intercultural communication. In TrosborgA. (Ed.), Pragmatics across languages and cultures (Vol. 1, pp. 43–78). Berlin, Germany: Mouton de Gruyter.