Abstract
To develop an empirical account of the impact of contemporary penal developments on frontline probation practice in England and Wales, this article will draw on a study that examined how the interrelated discourses of ‘risk management’ and public protection’ pervading probation policy in England and Wales are translated in enforcement practice. The study found a degree to resistance to the prevailing risk-focused policy agenda. Frontline probation practitioners reported that they tended to rely mainly on a compliance-oriented enforcement model underpinned by welfarist ideals reminiscent of penal modernism1.
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