A contemporary national census of community mental health nurses is used as a case example to illustrate the notions, prevention and cure of non-response to postal questionnaires. An argument for large-scale survey methodology is made and briefly explored in relation to other methodological approaches, which also have both their utility and limitations acknowledged.
M. arsh, C. TheSurvey Method: The contribution ofsurveys to sociological explanation. London: George Unwin and Allen , 1982.
2.
Moser, C., Kalton, G.Survey Methods in social Investigation. London: Heinemann Educational Books,1971.
3.
B ooth, C.Labourand Life of the People of London. London: Macmillan, 1902; vols 1-17.
4.
Rowntree, B. Poverty: A studyof town life. London: Longmans , 1902.
5.
Abel-Smith, B., Townsend, P.The Poorand the Poorest: A new analysis ofthe Ministry of Labour's family expenditure surveys of 1953-1954 and 1960 (Occasional Papers on Social Administration No. 17). London: Bell, 1965.
6.
Jones, D. The SocialSurvey of Merseyside. Liverpool: University Press of Liverpool, and London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1934; vols 1-3.
7.
Sheffield Social Survey Committee. Nine papersSheffield : Sheffield Social Survey Committee, 1933.
8.
Rowntree, B. Povertyand Progress : A second socialsurvey of York. London: Longmans, 1941.
9.
Bournville Village Trust.When we Build Again:A study based on research into conditions of living and working in Birmingham . London: Allen and Unwin, 1941.
10.
Young, T.The Story of the Growth of a Housing Estate. London: Samuel Sidders, 1934.
11.
Lock, C.The County Borough of Middlesborough: Survey and plan. Middlesborough: Middlesborough Corporation, 1947.
Logan, W., Brooke, E.TheSurvey of Sickness 1943 to 1952 (General Register Office, Studies on Medical and Population Subjects, No. 12). London: HMSO,1957.
14.
Tooth, G., Brooke, E.Trends in the mental hospital population and their effect on future planning . Lancet1961; 710-713.
15.
Cartwright, A.Human RelationsandHospital Care. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1964.
16.
Cartwright, A.Patients and their Dodors: A studyofgeneral practice (Institute of Community Studies Report No. 16). London: Routledge and KeganPaul, 1967.
17.
Cumming, E., Cumming, J. Closed Ranks: An experimentin mentalhealth educa tion. Harva rdUniversity Press, 1957.
18.
Star, S.What the Public Thinks about Mental Health and Mental Illness. Paper to Annual Meeting of the National Association for Mental Health, 19 November, Indiana, USA, 1952 .
19.
Star, S.The Public's Ideas about Mental Illness. Paper to Annual Meeting of the National Association for Mental Health, 5 November, Indiana, USA, 1955.
20.
Star, S.The Place of Psychiatry in Popular Thinking. PapertoAnnual Meeting ofthe National Association for Mental Health, 9 May, Washington, USA, 1957.
21.
Morris, P.Put away: A sociological study of institutions for the mentally retarded. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1969.
22.
De Reuck, A., Porter, R. (eds) The Mentally Abnormal Offender: A Ciba Foundation Symposium. London: Churchill , 1968.
23.
Rutter, M., Graham, P.Two surveys of children: psychiatric disorder in 10- and 11-year old children . Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine1966; 59:382-387.
24.
Shepherd, M., Cooper, B., Brown, A. et al. Psychiatric Illness in General Practice. London: Oxford University Press, 1966.
25.
Dunneil, K., Dobbs, J.Nurses Working in the Community. London: HMSO, 1982.
26.
Department of Health.Patient Care in the Community: community psychiatric nurses. Summaryinformation from Form KC57: 1988/89, England. SM12B. London: Department of Health, 1990.
27.
Department of Health.NHS Workforce in England . London: Department of Health, 1991.
28.
Community Psychiatric Nurses Association.Community Psychiatric Nursing Services Directory. Aston in Makerfield: Community Psychiatric Nurses Association, 1981.
29.
Community Psychiatric Nurses Association.Community Psychiatric Nursing Services Survey. Aston in Makerfield: Community Psychiatric Nurses Association, 1981.
30.
Baxter, Y.Conference report. Community Psychiatric Nursing Journal1984; 4:3.
31.
Community Psychiatric Nurses Association.The 1985 CPNA National Survey Update. Bristol: CPNA Publications, 1985.
32.
Carr, P.Preface to the 1985 CPNA National SurveyUpdate. Bristol : CPNA Publications, 1985.
33.
Oyebode, F. , Gadd, E., Berry, D. et al. Community psychiatric nurses in primary care: A consumer survey. Bulletin of the Royal College of Psychiatrists1988; 12: 11, 483-485.
34.
Tyrer, P.Role of the community psychiatric nurse. Nursing Times1990; 86: 32, 53.
35.
De Vaus, D.Surveys in Social Research. London: Unwin Hyman, 1982.
36.
Halfpenny, P. Positivism and sociology : Explaining sociallife. London : Allen and Unwin, 1982.
37.
Bryman, A.Quantityand Qualityin Social Research. London: Unwin Hyman, 1988.
38.
McNeill, P.Research methods. London: Social Science Paperbacks, Tavistock Publications, 1985.
39.
Durkheim, E. Suicide : A study in sociology. London : Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1970 .
40.
Cannell, C. , Fisher, G., Bakker, T.Reporting of hospitalisation in the health interview survey. Vital and Health Statistics1965; 2:6.
Fletcher, C.Beneath the Surface: An account of threestylesofsociologicalresearch. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1974.
43.
Morison, M.Methods in Sociology. New York: Longman, 1986.
44.
Burgess, R. Field Research: A source book and field manual. London: George Allen and Unwin, 1982.
45.
Oppenheim, A.Questionnaire Design and Attitude Measurement . London: Gower, 1966.
46.
Cartwright, A.Professionals as responders: Variations in, and the effects of, response rates to questionnaires, 1961-1977. British Medical Journal1978; 2:1419-1421.
47.
Ford, N.Questionnaire appearance and response. Journal of Advertising1968; 8: 43-45.
48.
McCrowan, K. , Lowe, L A cost benefit approach to postage used in mail questionnaire. Journal of Marketing Research1981; 45: 130-133.
49.
Linsky, A.Stimulating responses to mailed questionnaires. Public Opinion Quarterly1975; 39: 82-101.
50.
Hoinville, G. , Jowell, R.Survey Research Practice. London: Gower, 1977.
51.
Scott, C.Research on mail surveys. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society1961; Series A, 143-195.
52.
White, E., Brooker, C.The 4th Community Mental Health Nursing Census of England and Wales (Ongoing) .
53.
White, E. The3rd Quinquennial National Community Psychiatric Nursing Survey. Manchester: University of Manchester, 1991.
54.
Royal College of Psychiatrists.Mental Health of the Nation. The contribution of psychiatry. Council Report CR16. London: Royal College of Psychiatrists, 1992.
55.
Huxley, P., Kerfoot, M.The mental health workforce in the community: A comparison of community psychiatric nursing and approved social work survey results. Health and Social Care1993;1:169-174.
56.
Department of Health.Working in Partnership: A collaborative approach to care. Report of the Mental Health Nursing ReviewTeam. London: HMSO , 1994.
57.
Gournay, K., Brooking, J.An Evaluation of the Effectiveness of CommunityPsychiatric Nurses in Treating Patients with MinorMental Disorders in Primary Care. Final Report to the Department of Health. London: Departmentof Health, 1992.
58.
Holsti, O.ContentAnalysis for the Social Sciences and Humanities. Massachusetts: Addison-Wesley, 1969 .
59.
White, E.Chinese whispers: The folklore of community psychiatric nursing manpower planning targets. Journal of Advanced Nursing1989;14:373-375.