Factors influencing participation in nursing research among clinical nurses in Nigeria: a qualitative study

Abstract

Background:

Research is essential for evidence-based nursing practice. However, in low- and middle-income countries like Nigeria, clinical nurses face multiple barriers to engaging in research, emphasis on research-informed care, and recognition of the need for culturally specific nursing research.

Objective:

This study examined factors influencing clinical nurses’ research involvement in Nigerian practice settings, guided by Bandura’s Social Cognitive Theory.

Methods:

A qualitative Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) approach was used. Data were gathered via in-depth semi-structured interviews with 28 clinical nurses at a Nigerian tertiary hospital. Thematic analysis was informed by Social Cognitive Theory.

Results:

Three major themes were identified: (1) lack of cultural recognition and structural barriers, including systemic constraints and weak organisational leadership; (2) profession-related barriers, such as low research confidence, perceived irrelevance to clinical work, and motivation tied to academic demands and (3) practice-related barriers, involving peer influence, a weak nursing research culture, and shift work challenges. These factors impact nurses’ attitudes, motivation, and ability to participate in research.

Conclusion:

Clinical nurses’ research participation is hindered by structural, personal, and organisational barriers. Enhancing institutional support, research training, mentorship, and accommodating work environments can improve engagement. Building research self-efficacy and fostering a culture that rewards research may further sustain involvement.