Much has been written about welfare capitalism or industrial paternalism in American industry. Steel, machinery, coal and rubber are only a few of the industries that experimented with offering welfare benefits to employees in exchange for worker loyalty and co-operation.The most comprehensive examples of industrial paternalism occurred in the Southern textile industry, and this article explores the extent of paternalistic relations in the context of a single, large mill district in South Carolina. The description of the Parker Mill District is enhanced by an examination of the role of company newspapers and magazines in creating and maintaining employer dominance and employee co-operation in the culturally isolated mill villages of the American South.
Ariail, M.G., and J.J. Smith1977. Weaver of dreams: A history of the Parker District. Greenville, SC: R. L. Bryan Publishers.
2.
Bainbridge, J.T.1999. Greenville communities. Unpublished manuscript at the South Carolina Room, HughesLibrary, Greenville, South Carolina.
3.
Boyte, H.1972. The textile industry: Keel of southern industrialization . Radical America6: 4-49.
4.
Brunner, E.1930. Industrial village churches. New York : Institute of Social and Religious Research.
5.
Cash, W.J.1941. The mind of the South. New York: Alfred A. Knopf.
6.
Chapman, J.W.1925. The Parker District is half of Greater Greenville: And the halves are everlastingly and steadfastly united, for their mutual good - What this vast district is, who its people are, and what they are doing . The Greenville Journal October 25, 4: 3.
7.
Coggans, S.1925. Schools to fit the individual, not individuals to fit the schools: Work of Parker schools is not limited to the three R's but is on a broad scale intended to help all pupils to advance then as they merit and to aid right living. The Greenville Journal October 25, 4: 14-15.
8.
Cross, M.A.1976. Textile pioneers of Greenville: Civil War to World War II. Greenville, SC: Greenville County Public Library.
9.
Davis, I.C.1935. The educational program of the Parker School District. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Duke University.
10.
Dubofsky, M.1994. The state and labor in modern America. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.
11.
Dunlap, J.A.1994. Changing symbols of success: Economic development in twentieth century Greenville, South Carolina. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of South Carolina.
12.
Dunning, J.1998. On the air: The encyclopedia of old-time radio. NYOxford University Press.
13.
Dwyer, W.G.1951. Technique in administration for improving the high school curriculum: A report of a `Type C Project'. Unpublished doctoral dissertation , Teachers College, Columbia University.
14.
Feis, H.1928. Labor relations: A study made in the Proctor and Gamble Company. New York: Adelphi Company .
15.
Fletcher, M.S.1930. Parker People's College. South Carolina Education12: 13-14.
16.
Goldsmith, C.1923. The wisdom of Professor Happy by the Professor himself . New York: American Child Health Association.
17.
Hamilton, C.1989. Work and welfare: How industrialists shaped government social service during the Progressive Era. Journal of sociology and social welfare16: 67-86.
18.
Harris, H.1982. The right to manage: Industrial relations policies of American business in the 1940s. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press.
19.
Heiss, M.W.1924. The Southern cotton mill village: A viewpoint. Journal of Social Forces2: 345-350.
20.
Herring, H.L.1929. Welfare work in mill villages: The story of extra-mill activities in North Carolina. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.
Huff, A.V., Jr.1995. Greenville: The history of the city and county in the South Carolina Piedmont. Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina Press.
23.
Jay, J.K.1945. Per capita cost of federally subsidized recreation in Parker School District. Unpublished master's thesis, Furman University, 1945.
24.
Kent, G.1941. Mill town miracle. School and Society54: 81-85.
25.
Kinard, H.W.1942. A descriptive account of certain practices used in working with adults in the Parker School District, Greenville, South Carolina. Unpublished master's thesis, University of Georgia.
26.
Kirkpatrick, M.C. and T.K. Perry.1997. The Southern Textile Basketball Tournament: A history. New York: McFarland and Company.
27.
Knowles, W.H.1952. The nature of industrial cooperation. Southern Economic Journal18: 350-361.
28.
Kohn, A.1907. The cotton mills of South Carolina. Columbia, SC: South Carolina Department of Agriculture, Commerce, and Immigration.
29.
Lahne, H.J.1944. The cotton mill worker in the twentieth century. New York: Ferrae and Rinehart.
30.
Library: Library on wheels. 1924. Christian Science Monitor, October 15.
31.
Little facts about a big district that may interest you and may not. 1925. The Greenville Journal October 4: 8.
32.
Lott, E.1995. Love and theft: Blackface minstrelsy and the American working class. New York: Oxford University Press.
33.
Lyon, R.M.1937. The basis for constructing curricular materials in adult education for Carolina cotton mill workers. NYTeachers College, Columbia University Press.
34.
Mantle, B.1938. Contemporary American playwrights. New York: Dodd, Mead & Company.
35.
McAllister, J.1975. L. P. Hollis: A man ahead of his time: An interview. Unpublished manuscript for the Community Foundation of Greenville, South Carolina. Held at the Strom Thurmond Archives, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina.
36.
McFall, W.T.1925. Health instruction is given each day to each child: And the grown-ups in the Parker District also profit by efforts for good health, conducted by the mills and by the schools. The Greenville Journal October25: 15.
37.
McFall, W.T.1926. Mouth hygiene program, Parker School District. South Carolina Education7: 138-139.
38.
Mitchell, B., and G.S. Mitchell.1930. The industrial revolution in the South . Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
39.
Morland, K.1958. Millways of Kent. New Haven: College and University Press.
40.
Nelson, Daniel.1975. Managers and workers: The origins of the factory system in the United States, 1880-1920. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press.
41.
Noble, D.1979. America by design: Science, technology, and the rise of corporate capitalism. New York: Oxford University Press.
42.
Newby, H.1975. The deferential dialectic. Comparative Studies in Society and History, 17: 139-164.
43.
Parker T.F.1909. The South Carolina Cotton mill: A manufacturer's view . South Atlantic Quarterly8: 328-337, 1909.
44.
Pena, O.R.1938. A study of the ways in which the Parker School cares for individual differences, M.A. thesis, Furman University .
45.
Perry, T.K.1993. Textile league baseball: South Carolina's mill teams, 1880-1955. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland.
46.
Potwin, M.1923. Cotton mill people of the Piedmont: A study in social change. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.
47.
Rhyne, J.J.1930. Some cotton mill workers and their villages. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.
48.
Simon, B.1991. Choosing between the ham and the union: Paternalism in the Cone Mills of Greensboro, 1925-1920. In Leiter, M. D., & Zingraff, R. (Eds.), Hanging by a thread: Social change in Southern textiles). Ithaca, NY: Industrial and Labor Relations Press.
49.
Simpson, W.H.1943. Life in mill communities. Clinton, South Carolina: Presbyterian College Press.
50.
Smith, J.E.1991. Industrial league baseball and employer welfare work, 1910-1930. Unpublished doctoral dissertation. University of Akron.
51.
Stack, S.F.1989. Lawrence Peter Hollis: A charismatic leader in education . Vitae Scholasticae8: 323-328.
52.
Stack, S.F.1990. A critical analysis of welfare capitalism as educational ideology (Parker School District). Unpublished doctoral dissertation. University of South Carolina.
53.
Tippett, J.S.1936. Schools for growing democracy. New York: Ginn & Company.
54.
Tippett, T.1931. When Southern labor stirs. New York : Jonathan Cape and Harrison Smith.
55.
Tullos, A.1989. Habits of industry: White culture and the transformation of the Carolina Piedmont. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1989.
56.
Winter, T.1994. `A wise investment in growing manhood': The YMCA and workingmen, 1872-1929. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Cincinnati.
57.
Woodman, H.1977. Sequel to slavery: The new history views the postbellum South. Journal of Southern History43:523-554.
58.
Wright, A.C.1994. The aftermath of the General Textile Strike: Managers and the workplace at Burlington Mills. Journal of Southern History60: 81-112.
59.
Yates, J.A.1989. Control through communication: The rise of system in American management. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
