Metabolic syndrome (MetS) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) are associated with a higher risk of impaired pulmonary function (iPF). This study aimed to investigate the relationships among MetS, iPF, and viral hepatitis.
Methods
This community-based study enrolled participants undergoing annual health check-ups in southern Taiwan between March and December 2019. We performed multivariable logistic regression analyses adjusted for demographics and characteristics to identify the factors associated with iPF.
Results
A total of 2337 participants completed examinations, of whom 928 (39.7%) had iPF. The participants with iPF were elderly (68.8 ± 12.8 years old) and predominately female (63%). MetS increased the risk of iPF (odds ratio (OR) 1.51, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.27–1.81, p < 0.001). Beyond age (OR 1.03, 95% CI 1.02–1.04) and smoking (OR 1.309, 95% CI 1.004–1.705), female sex (OR 0.74, 95% CI 0.59–0.93) and high education level (OR 0.96, 95% CI 0.94–0.98, p < 0.001) protected against iPF. HCV was not significantly associated with iPF (OR 1.17, 95% CI 0.90–1.52, p = 0.235) in multivariable analysis. MetS was associated with a higher risk of iPF in the non-HBV/HCV group (OR 1.86, 95% CI 1.54–2.26) and HBV alone group (OR 3.44, 95% CI 1.89–6.28), but not in the HCV alone group (OR 1.02, 95% CI 0.64–1.62).
Discussion
MetS was an independent predictor of iPF, especially the restrictive type, and had different effects in the HBV/non-viral hepatitis and HCV groups. Female sex and education were inversely associated with iPF.
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