Abstract

Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.World Tourism Organization (WTO) . UNWTO tourism highlights 2017 . Available: https://www.e-unwto.org/doi/pdf/10.18111/9789284419029 (accessed Jan. 5, 2019 ).
2.
Schellack
N
van der Sandt
N
Modau
T
Pople
T
Meyer
JC
. Travel vaccines: information for health practitioners . S Afr Pharm J 2016 ;83 (10 ):17 -26 .
3.
Bascom
CS
Rosenthal
MM
Houle
SKD
. Are pharmacists ready for a greater role in travel health? An evaluation of the knowledge and confidence in providing travel health advice of pharmacists practicing in a community pharmacy chain in Alberta, Canada . J Travel Med 2015 ;22 (2 ):99 -104 .
4.
Houle
SKD
Bascom
CS
Rosenthal
MM
. Clinical outcomes and satisfaction with pharmacist-managed travel clinic in Alberta, Canada . Travel Med Infect Dis 2018 ;23 :21 -26 .
5.
Ray
C
. Drug, vaccine shortages likely to continue, warns N.S. pharmacy association . February 1 , 2019 . Available: https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/nova-scotia/drug-vaccine-shortages-likely-to-continue-1.5000854 (accessed Apr. 11, 2019 ).
6.Public Health Agency of Canada . Statement on international travellers diarrhea: an advisory committee statement (ACS) committee to advise on tropical medicine and travel (CATMAT) . Available: https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/catmat/statement-travellers-diarrhea.html (accessed Apr. 11, 2019 ).
7.Public Health Agency of Canada . Canadian Immunization Guide. 2017. Cholera and enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) travellers’ diarrhea vaccine . Available: https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/publications/healthy-living/canadian-immunization-guide-part-4-active-vaccines/page-3-cholera-enterotoxigenic-escherichia-coli-travellers-diarrhea-vaccine.html (accessed Apr. 28, 2019 ).
8.
Shah
N
Dupont
HL
Ramsey
DJ
. Global etiology of travelers’ diarrhea: systematic review from 1973 to the present . Am J Trop Med Hyg 2009 ;80 (4 ):609-14.
9.Centers for Disease Control and Prevention . Travelers’ diarrhea . Available: https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/yellowbook/2018/the-pre-travel-consultation/travelers-diarrhea (accessed Apr. 28, 2019 ).
10.
Hasle
G
Heier
L
. How low an effect of a preventative measure against diarrhea are travellers willing to pay for? A survey of Norwegian travellers . Travel Med Infect Dis 2016 ;14 :621-4.
11.
Ahmed
T
Bhuiyan
TR
Zaman
K
Sinclair
D
Qadri
F
. Vaccines for preventing enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli ETEC diarrhea (review) . Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2013 ;7 :i-93.
12.
Lundkvist
J
Steffan
R
Jönsson
B
. Cost-benefit of WC/rBS oral cholera vaccine for vaccination against ETEC-caused travelers’ diarrhea . J Travel Med 2009 ;16 (1 ):28 -34 .
13.
Steffen
R
Behrens
RH
Hill
DR
Greenaway
C
Leder
K
. Vaccine-preventable travel health risks: what is the evidence—what are the gaps? J Travel Med 2014 ;22 (1 ):1 -12 .
14.
Torresi
J
Kollaritsch
H
. Recommended/required travel vaccines . In:
Keystone
JS
Kozarsky
PE
Conner
BA
Nothfurt
HD
Mendelson
M
Leder
K
, editors. Travel medicine . 4th ed. Edinburgh : Elsevier ; 2019 . p. 101-24.
15.Public Health Agency of Canada . Canadian Immunization Guide. 2018. Hepatitis A vaccine . Available: https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/publications/healthy-living/canadian-immunization-guide-part-4-active-vaccines/page-6-hepatitis-a-vaccine.html (accessed Dec. 18, 2018 ).
16.
17.Updated indication for Dukoral® travel vaccine: as Canadians take a budget-conscious approach to tropical destinations in 2016 , enterotoxigenic E. coli is a growing health risk . Press release, May 9 , 2017 . Available: https://www.valneva.ca/media/Press_releases/News_release__Dukoral_April_29_FINAL_Layout_EN.pdf (accessed Apr. 28, 2019 )
18.Public Health Agency of Canada . An advisory committee statement (ACS) National Advisory Committee on Immunization (NACI). Update on the recommended use of hepatitis a vaccine . Available: https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/publications/healthy-living/update-recommended-use-hepatitis-vaccine.html (accessed Dec. 18, 2018 ).
19.Public Health Agency of Canada . Summary of recommendations for the prevention of viral hepatitis during travel . CCDR 2014 ;40 (13 ):278-81.
20.Travax Shoreland . Hepatitis A . Available: https://www.travax.com/library/hepatitis-a (accessed Dec. 18, 2018 ).
21.Canadian Public Health Association . Immunization timeline . Available: https://www.cpha.ca/immunization-timeline (accessed Jan. 5, 2019 ).
22.
Mackell
SM
Starr
M
. Pediatric travel vaccinations . In:
Keystone
JS
Kozarsky
PE
Conner
BA
Nothfurft
HD
Mendelson
M
Leder
K
, editors. Travel medicine . 4th ed. Edinburgh : Elsevier ; 2019 . p. 125-37.
23.Alberta Health Services . Hepatitis B vaccine biological page . Available: https://www.albertahealthservices.ca/assets/info/hp/cdc/if-hp-cdc-hep-b-vac-bio-pg-07-234.pdf (accessed Dec. 21, 2018 ).
24.Public Health Agency of Canada . Canada’s provincial and territorial routine (and catch-up) vaccination routine schedule programs for infants and children . Available: https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/provincial-territorial-immunization-information/provincial-territorial-routine-vaccination-programs-infants-children.html (accessed Dec. 21, 2018 ).
25.Government of Canada . Canadian Immunization Guide. Hepatitis B vaccine . Available: https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/publications/healthy-living/canadian-immunization-guide-part-4-active-vaccines/page-7-hepatitis-b-vaccine.html (accessed Dec. 21, 2018 ).
26.Travax Shoreland . Hepatitis B . Available: https://www.travax.com/library/hepatitis-b (accessed Dec. 21, 2018 ).
27.Centers for Disease Control and Prevention . The pink book. Hepatitis B . Available: https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/pubs/pinkbook/hepb.html (accessed Dec. 21, 2018 ).
28.Travax Shoreland . Typhoid . Available: https://www.travax.com/library/typhoid (accessed Jan. 5, 2019 ).
29.Public Health Agency of Canada . Statement on international travellers and typhoid: an advisory committee statement (ACS) committee to advise on tropical medicine and travel (CATMAT) . Available: http://publications.gc.ca/site/eng/460371/publication.html (accessed Jan. 5, 2019 ).
30.Public Health Agency of Canada . Canadian Immunization Guide. 2018. Typhoid vaccine . Available: https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/publications/healthy-living/canadian-immunization-guide-part-4-active-vaccines/page-23-typhoid-vaccine.html (accessed Jan. 5, 2019 ).
31.
Myers
AL
Christenson
JC
. Approach to immunization for the travelling child . Infect Dis Clin N Am 2015 ;29 :745-57.
32.
Amicizia
D
Zangrillo
F
Lai
PL
Iovine
M
Panatto
D
. Overview of Japanese encephalitis disease and its prevention: focus on IC51 vaccine (Ixiaro®) . J Prev Med Hyg 2018 ;59 :E99 -E107 .
33.Centers for Disease Control and Prevention . Use of Japanese encephalitis vaccine in children: recommendations of the advisory committee on immunization practices, 2013 . MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2013 ;62 (45 ):898 -900 .
34.Public Health Agency of Canada . An advisory committee statement (ACS) committee to advise on tropical medicine and travel (CATMAT). Statement on protection against Japanese encephalitis . Available: https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/reports-publications/canada-communicable-disease-report-ccdr/monthly-issue/2011-37/canada-communicable-disease-report-acs-1.html (accessed Jan. 5, 2019 ).
35.Travax Shoreland . Thailand . Available: https://www.travax.com/destinations/thailand (accessed Jan. 10, 2019 ).
36.
Rebaza
A
Lee
PJ
. One more shot for the road: a review and update of vaccinations for pediatric travellers . Pediatr Ann 2015 ;44 :e89 -96 .
37.Centers for Disease Control and Prevention . Last minute travellers . Available: https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/yellowbook/2018/advising-travelers-with-specific-needs/last-minute-travelers (accessed Jan. 5, 2019 ).
38.Centers for Disease Control and Prevention . Rabies . Available: https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/yellowbook/2018/infectious-diseases-related-to-travel/rabies (accessed Jan. 9, 2019 ).
39.Public Health Agency of Canada . An advisory committee statement (ACS) committee to advise on tropical medicine and travel (CATMAT). Statement on travellers and rabies vaccine . Available: http://publications.gc.ca/collections/Collection/H12-21-2-28-4.pdf (accessed Jan. 9, 2019 ).
40.Public Health Agency of Canada . Canadian Immunization Guide. Rabies vaccine . Available: https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/publications/healthy-living/canadian-immunization-guide-part-4-active-vaccines/page-18-rabies-vaccine.html (accessed Jan. 5, 2019 ).
41.World Health Organization (WHO) . Weekly epidemiolocal record. Rabies vaccines: WHO position paper—April 2018 . Available: http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/272371/WER9316.pdf?ua=1 (accessed Jan. 9, 2019 ).
42.
Kong
LY
Vincelette
J
Laplante
G
Duchesne
J
Libman
M
Barkati
S
. Intradermal pre-exposure rabies vaccination in a Canadian travel clinic: 6-year retrospective observational study . CMAJ Open 2018 ;6 (2 ):E168-75.
43.Centers for Disease Control and Prevention . Perspectives: intradermal rabies preexposure immunization . Available: https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/yellowbook/2018/infectious-diseases-related-to-travel/perspectives-intradermal-rabies-preexposure-immunization (accessed Jan. 9, 2019 ).
44.
Black
S
. Travelers’ protection against meningococcal disease: a new vaccine option . J Trav Med 2010 ;17 (Suppl 1 ):18 -25 .
45.Public Health Agency of Canada . CATMAT statement: meningococcal disease and the international traveller . Available: https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/reports-publications/canada-communicable-disease-report-ccdr/monthly-issue/2015-41/ccdr-volume-41-05-may-7-2015/ccdr-volume-41-05-may-7-2015-1.html (accessed Jul. 19, 2019 ).
46.Centers for Disease Control and Prevention . Meningococcal disease . Available: https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/yellowbook/2020/travel-related-infectious-diseases/meningococcal-disease (accessed Jul. 17, 2019 ).
47.Public Health Agency of Canada . Canadian Immunization Guide. 2018. Meningococcal vaccine . Available: https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/publications/healthy-living/canadian-immunization-guide-part-4-active-vaccines/page-13-meningococcal-vaccine.html (accessed Jul. 17, 2019 ).
48.
Steffen
R
. The risk of meningococcal disease in travelers and current recommendations for prevention . J Travel Med 2010 ;17 (Suppl 1 ):9 -17 .
49.
Wilder-Smith
A
Steffen
R
. Mass gatherings . In:
Keystone
JS
Kozarsky
PE
Conner
BA
Nothfurt
HD
Mendelson
M
Leder
K
, editors. Travel medicine . 4th ed. Edinburgh : Elsevier ; 2019 . p. 383-6.
50.Centers for Disease Control and Prevention . Yellow fever . Available: https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/yellowbook/2018/infectious-diseases-related-to-travel/yellow-fever (accessed Jan. 9, 2019 ).
51.Public Health Agency of Canada . An advisory committee statement (ACS) committee to advise on tropical medicine and travel (CATMAT). Statement for travellers and yellow fever . Available: https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/reports-publications/canada-communicable-disease-report-ccdr/monthly-issue/2013-39/statement-travellers-yellow-fever.html (accessed Jan. 9, 2019 ).
52.Public Health Agency of Canada . An advisory committee statement (ACS) committee to advise on tropical medicine and travel (CATMAT). Statement of the use of booster doses of yellow fever vaccine . Available: https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/publications/diseases-conditions/use-booster-doses-yellow-fever-vaccine.html (accessed Jan. 9, 2019 ).
53.
Zimmer
R
. Competing visions for travel health services in Canada . J Trav Med 2018 ;25 (1 ):1 -3 .
54.Public Health Agency of Canada . Procedures for yellow fever vaccination centres in Canada . Available: https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/travel-health/yellow-fever/procedures-yellow-fever-vaccination-centres-canada.html (accessed Apr. 28, 2019 ).
55.Public Health Agency of Canada . An advisory committee statement (ACS) committee to advise on tropical medicine and travel (CATMAT). Interim Canadian recommendations for the use of fractional dose of yellow fever during a vaccine shortage . Available: https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/publications/diseases-conditions/interim-recommendations-fractional-dose-yellow-fever-vaccine-shortage.html (accessed Jan. 9, 2019 ).
56.Canadian Pharmacists Association . Pharmacists’ expanded scope of practice, April 2019 . Available: https://www.pharmacists.ca/pharmacy-in-canada/scope-of-practice-canada/ (accessed May 1, 2019 ).
57.
Houle
S
. Improving access to travel vaccines: the pharmacist’s role . Canadian immunization conference (CIC) presentation , December 4, 2018 , Ottawa . Available: http://cic2018.isilive.ca/presentation/248 (accessed Apr. 28, 2019 ).
58.
Morin
P
. New rules will let Yukon pharmacists deliver vaccines . May 29 , 2019 . Available: https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/north/new-rules-yukon-pharmacists-1.5153231 (accessed Jul. 19, 2019 ).
59.CTV News . Montreal, Quebec pharmacists get new powers to prescribe, vaccinate . June 12 , 2019 . Available: https://montreal.ctvnews.ca/quebec-pharmacists-get-new-powers-to-prescribe-vaccinate-1.4463586 (accessed Jul. 19, 2019 ).
60.
Houle
SK
. Pharmacy travel health services: current perspectives and future prospects . Integr Pharm Res Pract 2018 ;23 (7 ):13 -20 .
61.Pfizer Canada . Nimenrix product monograph . Available: https://www.pfizer.ca/sites/g/files/g10050796/f/201901/Nimenrix_PM_NC_220188_19Dec2018_E.pdf (accessed Jul. 19, 2019 ).
