Despite abundant lay claims regarding diet, nutrients, and
osteoarthritis (OA), scientific study on these relationships is in its early
stages. The strongest risk factor for OA, particularly of the knee, is overweight
and obesity. Initial weight loss studies for the treatment of OA have shown
promising results, but longer-term trials are needed. Potential roles of specific
nutrients in OA prevention and treatment are under study, but to date, results are
somewhat less clear. The ratio of dietary omega-6 to omega-3 fatty acids has been
proposed to be related to OA because they are precursors of proinflammatory and
anti-inflammatory eicosanoids and cytokines, respectively. However, human data are
lacking to substantiate this relationship. Low serum levels of some vitamins, such
as C and D, have been associated with OA in epidemiological research, but much
more work must be conducted to understand the roles of these and other vitamins in
OA prevention and treatment. Biological plausibility exists for the protective
properties of antioxidants against OA, so continued research to assist in making
specific dietary recommendations with respect to these is needed for OA patients.
As the study of diet, nutrients, and OA evolves, it is prudent for practitioners
to stay abreast of the research so that they can address patients' questions and
recommend diets with adequate omega-3 fatty acids, vitamins, minerals, and
antioxidants while avoiding megadoses.
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