The challenge in data analysis often lies in accounting for the multidimensionality and complexity of the data while simultaneously discovering patterns. Integrating and consolidating different types of data during analysis can broaden the perspective and permit obtaining complementary views. This methodological research study on data collection illustrates how one type of data collection generates different types of data, which can be linked and consolidated to reach a better understanding of the topic. Procedures and practicalities are illustrated to offer a good practice example for data integration and consolidation. With the methodological reflection of research practice, I evaluate the consequences for the field of mixed methods research, in which the practicalities of an integrated mixed analysis still need to be elaborated.
BalesR. F. (1950). Interaction process analysis: A method for the study of small groups. Chicago, IL: The University of Chicago Press.
2.
BalesR. F. (1972). Interaction process analysis. In SillsD. L. (Ed.), International encyclopedia of the social science (pp. 465-470). London, England: Macmillan.
3.
BarkerL. L.WahlersK. J.WatsonK. W.KiblerR. J. (1987). Groups in process: An introduction to small group communication. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
4.
BazeleyP. (2010). Computer-assisted integration of mixed methods data sources and analyses. In TashakkoriA.TeddlieC. (Eds.), SAGE handbook of mixed methods in social & behavioral research (2nd ed., pp. 431-467). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
5.
BazeleyP. (2012). Integrative analysis strategies for mixed data sources. American Behavioral Scientist, 56, 814-828. doi:10.1177/0002764211426330
6.
BazeleyP. (2016). Mixed or merged? Integration as the real challenge for mixed methods. Qualitative Research in Organizations and Management: An International Journal, 11, 189-194. doi:10.1108/QROM-04-2016-1373
BernardH. R. (2013). Social research methods (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
9.
BohnsackR. (2014). Rekonstruktive Sozialforschung: Einführung in qualitative Methoden [Reconstructive social research: Introduction in qualitative methods] (9th ed.). Opladen, Germany: Budrich.
10.
BrannenJ.O’ConnellR. (2015). Data Analysis I: Overview of data analysis strategies. In Hesse-BiberS. N.JohnsonB. (Eds.), Oxford library of psychology: The Oxford handbook of multimethod and mixed methods research inquiry (pp. 257-274). Oxford, England: Oxford University Press.
11.
BrymanA. (2007). Barriers to integrating quantitative and qualitative research. Journal of Mixed Methods Research, 1(1), 8-22. doi:10.1177/2345678906290531
12.
CaracelliV. J.GreeneJ. C. (1993). Data analysis strategies for mixed-method evaluation designs. Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis, 15, 195-207.
13.
CollingridgeD. S. (2012). A primer on quantitized data analysis and permutation testing. Journal of Mixed Methods Research, 7(1), 81-97. doi:10.1177/1558689812454457
14.
CreswellJ. W.Plano ClarkV. L. (2011). Designing and conducting mixed methods research (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
15.
CreswellJ. W.Plano ClarkV. L. (2018). Designing and conducting mixed methods research (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
16.
EllisD. G.FisherB. A. (1994). Small group decision making: Communication and the group process (4th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.
17.
FettersM. D.FreshwaterD. (2015). The 1 + 1 = 3 integration challenge. Journal of Mixed Methods Research, 9(2), 115-117. doi:10.1177/1558689815581222
18.
FieldingN. G.FieldingJ. L. (1986). Linking data: The articulation of qualitative and quantitative methods in social research. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
19.
GreeneJ. C. (2007). Mixed methods in social inquiry (1st ed.). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
20.
GreeneJ. C.CaracelliV. J.GrahamW. F. (1989). Toward a conceptual framework for mixed-method evaluation designs. Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis, 11, 255-274.
21.
Hesse-BiberS.JohnsonB. (2015). Preface. In Hesse-BiberS. N.JohnsonB. (Eds.), Oxford library of psychology: The Oxford handbook of multimethod and mixed methods research inquiry (pp. xiii-xxii). Oxford, England: Oxford University Press.
22.
JangE. E.McDougallD. E.PollonD.HerbertM.RussellP. (2008). Integrative mixed methods data analytic strategies in research on school success in challenging circumstances. Journal of Mixed Methods Research, 2(3), 221-247. doi:10.1177/1558689808315323
23.
JohnsonR. E.GroveA. L.ClarkeA. (2017). Pillar integration process: A joint display technique to integrate data in mixed methods research. Journal of Mixed Methods Research. Advance online publication. doi:10.1177/1558689817743108
24.
KelleU. (2007). Die Integration qualitativer und quantitativer Methoden in der empirischen Sozialforschung: Theoretische Grundlagen und methodologische Konzepte [The integration of qualitative and quantitative methods in empirical social research: Theoretical foundation and methodological concepts] (1st ed.). Wiesbaden, Germany: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften.
25.
KerriganM. R. (2014). A framework for understanding community colleges’ organizational capacity for data use. Journal of Mixed Methods Research, 8(4), 341-362. doi:10.1177/1558689814523518
KuckartzU. (2017). Datenanalyse in der Mixed-Methods-Forschung [Data analysis in mixed methods research]. KZfSS Kölner Zeitschrift für Soziologie und Sozialpsychologie, 3, 157-183. doi:10.1007/s11577-017-0456-z
28.
LamnekS. (2005). Gruppendiskussion: Theorie und Praxis [Focus groups: Theory and practice] (2nd ed., Vol. 8303). Weinheim, Germany: Beltz.
29.
LeiningerM. (1994). Evaluation criteria and critique in qualitative research studies. In MorseJ. M. (Ed.), Critical issues in qualitative research methods (pp. 95-115). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
30.
LiS.MarquartJ. M.ZercherC. (2000). Conceptual issues and analytic strategies in mixed-method studies of preschool inclusion. Journal of Early Intervention, 23, 116-132.
MoseholmE.FettersM. D. (2017). Conceptual models to guide integration during analysis in convergent mixed methods studies. Methodological Innovations. Advance online publication. doi:10.1177/2059799117703118
33.
OnwuegbuzieA. J.CombsJ. P. (2010). Emergent data analysis techniques in mixed methods research: A synthesis. In TashakkoriA.TeddlieC. (Eds.), SAGE handbook of mixed methods in social & behavioral research (2nd ed., pp. 397-430). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
34.
OnwuegbuzieA. J.HitchcockJ. H. (2015). Advanced mixed analysis approach. In Hesse-BiberS. N.JohnsonB. (Eds.), Oxford library of psychology: The Oxford handbook of multimethod and mixed methods research inquiry (pp. 275-295). Oxford, England: Oxford University Press.
35.
OnwuegbuzieA. J.TeddlieC. (2003). A framework for analyzing data in mixed methods research. In TashakkoriA.TeddlieC. (Eds.), SAGE handbook of mixed methods in social & behavioral research (pp. 351-383). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
36.
SandelowskiM. (2000). Combining qualitative and quantitative sampling, data collection, and analysis techniques in mixed-method studies. Research in Nursing & Health, 23, 246-255.
37.
SandelowskiM.VoilsC. I.KnaflG. (2009). On quantitizing. Journal of Mixed Methods Research, 3(3), 208-222. doi:10.1177/1558689809334210
38.
SchoonenboomJ.JohnsonR. B. (2017). How to construct a mixed methods research design. KZfSS Kölner Zeitschrift für Soziologie und Sozialpsychologie, 69(Suppl. 2), 107-131. doi:10.1007/s11577-017-0454-1
39.
TashakkoriA.TeddlieC. (Eds.). (2010). SAGE handbook of mixed methods in social & behavioral research (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
40.
TeddlieC.TashakkoriA. (Eds.). (2009). Foundations of mixed methods research: Integrating quantitative and qualitative approaches in the social and behavioral sciences. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
41.
van VelzenJ. H. (2016). Students general knowledge of the learning process: A mixed methods study illustrating integrated data collection and data consolidation. Journal of Mixed Methods Research, 12(2), 182-203. doi:10.1177/1558689816651792
42.
VoglS. (2005). Gruppendiskussionen mit Kindern: Methodische und methodologische Besonderheiten [Focus groups with children: methodical and methodological peculiarities]. ZA-Information, 57, 28-60.
43.
VoglS. (2009). Focus groups with children. In FiedlerJ.PoschC. (Eds.), Yes, they can! Children researching their lives: A selection of articles based on the 2nd International Conference on Research with and by Children, 10-12 December 2007, SOS Children’s Villages, Hermann Gmeiner Academy, Innsbruck (pp. 86-98). Baltmannsweiler, Germany: Schneider Verlag Hohengehren.
44.
VoglS. (2017). Quantifizierung: Datentransformation von qualitativen Daten in quantitative Daten in Mixed-Methods-Studien [Quantification: Data transformation of qualitative data into quantitative data in mixed methods projects]. Kölner Zeitschrift für Soziologie und Sozialpsychologie, 69, 287-312. doi:10.1007/s11577-017-0461-2
45.
Weaver-HightowerM. B. (2014). A mixed methods approach for identifying influence on public policy. Journal of Mixed Methods Research, 8(2), 115-138. doi:10.1177/1558689813490996
46.
WoolleyC. M. (2009). Meeting the mixed methods challenge of integration in a sociological study of structure and agency. Journal of Mixed Methods Research, 3(1), 7-25. doi:10.1177/1558689808325774
47.
YinR. K. (2006). Mixed methods research: Are the methods genuinely integrated or merely parallel. Research in the Schools, 13, 41-47.
