Military simulation and command and control federations have become large, complex distributed systems that integrate with a variety of legacy and current simulations, and real command and control systems locally as well as globally. As these systems continue to become increasingly more complex so does the data that initializes them.This increased complexity has introduced a major problem in data initialization coordination, which has been handled by many organizations in various ways. Service-oriented architecture (SOA) solutions have been introduced to promote easier data interoperability through the use of standards-based reusable services and common infrastructure. However, current SOA-based solutions do not incorporate formal governance techniques to drive the architecture in providing reliable, consistent, and timely information exchange. This article identifies the need to establish governance for data service development oversight, presents current research and applicable solutions that address some aspects of SOA-based federation data service governance, and proposes a conceptual governance reference model for initialization of data in SOA-based simulation, and command and control federations.
McNaugher TL‘The Real Meaning of Military Transformation: Rethinking the Revolution’. Foreign Affairs, January 2007, http://www.foreignaffairs.org/node/62285?page=show . 2 Department of Defense Chief Information Officer. ‘DoD Net Centric Services Strategy: Evolving the DoD Net-Centric Environment to an Enterprise Service Oriented Architecture’, October 2006.
2.
Carlton B., Scrudder R., Black C., Hopkins M.‘Initialization of C4I Systems and Simulation Federations Today and in the Future’. In: Fall Simulation Interoperability Workshop, 2004, Paper 04FSIW-089.
3.
Vietmeyer R.‘DoD Goes SOA: The Road Toward Net-Centric Operations’ . In: The SOA Forum, DISA, March 2005.
4.
Department of Army Memorandum.‘Army Data Initialization Implementation Plan’, Department of Army Memorandum, 21 May 2007.
5.
Department of Defense.‘Data Strategy Implementation for Warfighter Domain Systems’. In: Joint Requirement Oversight Council Memorandum JROCM 152-05, 18 July 2005.
6.
Asit D., Johnson R., Arsanjani A.‘Information as a Service: Modeling and Realization’. In: International Workshop on Systems Development in SOA Environments, 2007 (SDSOA ‘07): ICSE Workshops 2007, 20-26 May 2007, p. 2.
7.
Dorn J., Grun C., Werthner H., Zapletal M.‘A Survey of B2B Methodologies and Technologies: From Business Models towards Deployment Artifacts’. In: 40th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, 2007 (HICSS 2007), January 2007, p. 143a.
8.
Erl T.SOA Principles and Service Design. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall PTR, 2007 .
9.
Mills J.‘A joint perspective on SOA implementation’. In: SOA Technical Symposium, Suffolk, VA, July 2007.
10.
Tolk A., Perme D., Diallo S., Pandolfo C., Tedesco B., Tran H.‘Joint Event Data Initialization Services (JEDIS)-- Implementing a Service Oriented Architecture for Initialization’. In: Spring Simulation Interoperability Workshop. Los Alamitos, CA: Simulation Interoperability Standards Organization, IEEE Computer Society Press, 2007.
11.
Tolk A.‘Common Data Administration, Data Management, and Data Alignment as a Necessary Requirement for Coupling C4ISR Systems and M&S’. Inform. Security2003; 12: 164-174.
12.
Department of Defense.‘DoD Modeling and Simulation Management’. Department of Defense Directive Number 5000.59, 8 August 2007.
13.
Oasis ‘ Oasis ReferenceModel for Service Oriented Architecture V 1.0’. Organization for the Advancement of Structured Information Standards (OASIS), August 2006, p. 29.
14.
IBM.‘Effective SOA Governance’ . In: Governing Service-Oriented Architecture, IBM, March 2006.
15.
Papazoglou MP, Willem-Jan H.‘Service oriented architectures: approaches, technologies and research issues’. VLDB J. 2007; 16: 389-415.
16.
Bieberstein N. et al. Executing SOA: A Practical Guide for the Service-Oriented Architect. IBM Press Books, 2008.
17.
Josuttis MNSOA In Practice The Art of Distributed System Design. Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly Media, Inc., 2007
18.
InfoWorld.‘Factors Inhibiting SOA Adoption’. InfoWorld Research Report : SOA, July 2006.
19.
Kenney LF, Plummer D.‘SOA Governance: Frameworks, Registries and Policy Enforcement’ . In: Gartner Application Integration and Web Service Summit, Orlando, FL, 2005.
20.
Tolk A., Diallo SY‘Model Based Data Engineering for Web Services’. IEEE Internet Comput. 2005; 9: 65-70.
21.
Tolk A., Diallo SY‘Model Based Data Engineering for Web Services’. In: Nayak et al. (Eds.), Evolution of the Web in Artificial Intelligence Environments, Studies in Computer Intelligence 130. Berlin: Springer, 2008, pp. 137-161.
22.
Tolk A., Diallo SY, Turnitsa CD, Winters LS‘Composable M&S Web services for Net-centric Applications’ . J. Defense Model. Simulation2006; 3: 27-44.
23.
Tolk A., Pullen JM‘Using Web Services and Data Mediation/Storage Services to Enable Command and Control to Simulation Interoperability’. In: Proceedings of the 2005 Ninth IEEE International Symposium on Distributed Simulation and Real-Time Applications. Los Alamitos, CA : IEEE Computer Society Press, 2005 .
24.
Furness Z.‘Applying Lessons Learned from Systems Engineering of Distributed Simulation Systems to Service-oriented Architectures. In: NDIA M&S Conference, 18 April 2006.
25.
Black C., Sprinkle R.‘Joint BC and Simulation Systems Initialization Process’ . In: 2006 Fall Simulation Interoperability Workshop , 2006, Paper 06F-SIW-114.
26.
Tolk A.‘Operational Modeling and Simulation Services in Military Service-oriented Architectures’. In: Sixth Annual ONR Conference , Quantico, VA, 8-9 September 2004 .
27.
US Army.‘Army Net-centric Data Strategy: The Universal Data Core’, 2008, http://data.army.mil/datastrategy_universal_core.html.
28.
IEEE Standard 1278.1, Distributed Interactive Simulation, 2002
29.
IEEE Standard 1516.2, High Level Architecture, 2002
30.
MSDL Study Group.‘Military Scenario Definition Language (MSDL) Study Group Final Report [for]’, SISO-REF-015-2006, Simulation Interoperability Standards Organization , 10 January 2006.
31.
MSDL Product Development Group.‘Military Scenario Definition Language (MSDL)’. SISO-STD-007-2008, Simulation Interoperability Standards Organization, 2008 .
32.
Sudnikovich WP , Pullen JM, Kleiner MS, Carey SA‘Extensible Battle Management Language as a Transformation Enabler’, Simulation2004; 80: 669-680.
33.
Tolk A.‘Beyond Technical Interoperability--Introducing a Reference Model for Measures of Merit for Coalition Interoperability’. In: Proceedings of the Command and Control Research and Technology Symposium (CCRTS). CCRP Press, 2003.
34.
Henninger A. , DaCosta B., Lucas T.‘OneSAF Data Evolution: A Multi-Strategy Approach’. In: Interservice/Industry Training Simulation and Education Conference (I/ITSEC), Orlando, FL, 2003
35.
Zeng H., Son TC‘Semantic Web Services’. IEEE Intell. Syst.2001; 16: 46-53.
36.
Hewlett-Packard.‘The Eight Most Important Best Practices in SOA Governance’ . HP SOA Systinet White Paper, 2008, http://www.hp.com.
37.
Oracle.‘Right from the Start: SOA Life Cycle Governance’. Oracle White Paper, June 2008, http://www.oracle.com/technologies/soa/docs/soa-governance-rightstart-whitepaper.pdf .
38.
AgilePath Corporation.‘Addressing SOA Governance Challenges: Introducing AgilePath’s SOA Governance Reference Model v. 1.0’. AgilePath White Paper, 2006, http://www.agilepath.com.
39.
LogicLibrary.‘Logidex: Development--Time Governance’. SOA Software, 2008, http://www.logiclibrary.com.
40.
ZapThink.‘SOA Governance and the Butterfly Effect’. ZapThink White Paper, 2006 , http://www.zapthink.com/report.html?id=ZAPFLASH-2006124 .
41.
WS02 Open Source SOA Company.‘Govern’. WS02 Products to Govern Services, 2009, http://wso2.com/products/govern/.
42.
Hieb MR, Blalock J.‘Data Alignment between Army C4I Databases and Army Simulations’ . In: Spring Simulation Interoperability Workshop , Orlando, FL, 1999.
43.
Gustavsson PM, Björk A., Brax C., Planstedt P.‘Towards Service Oriented Simulations’. In: Fall Simulation Interoperability Workshop, Orlando, FL , 2004.
44.
Volker H.‘Data Standardization as the Basis for a Service Oriented Architecture’ . In: Proceedings of the IEEE Services Computing Workshops (SCW’06). Los Alamitos, CA: IEEE Computer Society Press, 2006.
