We report a case of peripheral neuropathy following highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) initiation in a patient coinfected with HIV and Mycobacterium leprae and review the literature on leprosy-associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS). Physicians in charge of HIV-infected patients originating from countries endemic for leprosy should be aware of this risk of leprosy-associated IRIS when starting HAART.
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