This article addresses integrated public school education for students with disabilities from both a legal and an educational perspective. Variables critical to public integration, including the influence of the media, the need for increased dissemination of legal and educational findings, the need for well-developed IEPs, and a critical examination of the existing data base are discussed.
AlgozzineK. M.MorsinkC. V.AlgozzineB. (1986). Classroom ecology in categorical special education classrooms: And so, they counted the teeth in the horse!Journal of Special Education, 20, 209–217.
2.
AtterburyB. (1986). A survey of present mainstreaming practices in the southern United States. Journal of Music Therapy, 23, 202–207.
3.
BakJ. J.SipersteinG. N. (1986). Protective effects of the label “mentally retarded” on children's attitudes toward mentally retarded peers. American Journal of Mental Deficiency, 91, 95–97.
4.
Battle v. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, 629 F. 2d 269 275 (3rd Cir. 1980).
5.
BauerC. J. (1985a). Fostering positive attitudes toward the handicapped via the literature. Middle School Journal, 16, 19–22.
6.
BauerC. J. (1985b). Books can break the attitudinal barriers toward the handicappedThe School Counselor, 302–306.
7.
BauerC. J.CampbellN. J.TroxelV. (1985). Altering attitudes toward the mentally handicapped through print and nonprint media. School Library Media Quarterly, 13, 110–114.
8.
BeckmanP. J.KohF. L. (1987). Interactions of preschoolers with and without handicaps in integrated and segregated settings: A longitudinal study. Mental Retardation, 25, 5–11.
9.
BiklenD. (1986, Winter). Framed: Journalism's treatment of disability. Social Policy, 16, 45–51.
10.
Board of Education of Henrick Hudson Central School District v. Rowley, 458 U.S. 176, 102 S. Ct. 3034, 73, 2d 690 (U.S.S. Ct. 1982).
11.
BradyM. P.CunninghamJ. (1985). Living and learning in segregated environments: An ethnography of normalization outcomes. Education and Training of the Mentally Retarded, 20, 241–252.
12.
BrickerD. (1976). Educational synthesizer. In ThomasM. A. (Ed.), Hey, don't forget about me! Education's investment in the severely, profoundly, and multiply handicapped (pp. 84–97). Reston, VA: Council for Exceptional Children.
13.
BrickerW. (1976). The service of research. In ThomasM. A. (Ed.), Hey, don't forget about me! Education's investment in the severely, profoundly, and multiply handicapped (pp. 162–179). Reston, VA: Council for Exceptional Children.
14.
BrinkerR. P. (1985). Interactions between severely mentally retarded students and other students in integrated and segregated public school settings. American Journal of Mental Deficiency, 89, 587–594.
15.
BrinkerR. P.ThorpeM. E. (1985). Some empirically derived hypotheses about the influence of state policy on the degree of integration of severely handicapped students. Remedial and Special Education, 6(3), 18–26.
16.
BrinkerR. P.ThorpeM. E. (1986). Features of integrated educational ecologies that predict social behavior among severely mentally retarded and nonretarded students. American Journal of Mental Deficiency, 91, 150–159.
17.
Brown v. Board of Education, 347 US 483 (1954).
18.
BrownL.NietupskiJ.Hamre-NietupskiS. (1976). The criterion of ultimate functioning. In ThomasM. A. (ed.), Hey, don't forget about me! Education's investment in the severely, profoundly, and multiply handicapped (pp. 197–209). Reston, VA: Council for Exceptional Children.
19.
BrownL.WilcoxB.SontagE.VincentB.DoddN.GruenewaldL. (1977). Toward the realization of the least restrictive environment for severely handicapped students. AAESPH Review, 2, 195–201.
20.
BurgdorfR. L.Jr. (1980). Legal rights of handicapped persons: Cases, materials and texts. Baltimore: Paul H. Brookes.
21.
Campbell v. Talladega County Board of Education and the Board of Education of the State of Alabama. 518 F. Supp. 47 (N.D. A1a. 1981).
22.
CertoN.HaringN.YorkR. (Eds). (1984). Public school integration of severely handicapped students: Rational issues and progressive alternatives. Baltimore: Paul H. Brookes.
23.
ColeD. A.MeyerL. H.VandercookT.McQuarterR. J. (1986). Interactions between peers with and without severe handicaps: Dynamics of teacher intervention. American Journal of Mental Deficiency, 91, 160–169.
24.
ColozziG. A.Coleman-KennedyM.FayR.HurleyW.MagliozziM.SchackleK.WalshP. (1986). Data-based integration of a student with moderate special needs. Education and Training of the Mentally Retarded, 21, 192–199.
25.
CullinanD.EpsteinM. H. (1986). Legal decisions and appropriate education of seriously emotionally disturbed (SED) students. Journal of Special Education, 20, 265–272.
26.
DenoS. L.MirkinP. K.WessonC. (1984). Procedures for writing data based IEPs. Teaching Exceptional Children, 16(2), 94–104.
27.
DeweyJ. (1916). Democracy and education. New York: The Free Press.
28.
DeweyJ. (1938). Experience and education. New York: MacMillan.
29.
Education for All Handicapped Children Act of 1975.
30.
ElderJ. K.ConleyR. W.NobleJ. H.Jr. (1986). The service system. In KiernanW. E.StarkJ. A. (Eds.), Pathways to employment for adults with developmental disabilities (pp. 53–66). Baltimore: Paul H. Brookes.
31.
EspositoB. G.ReedT. M. (1986). The effects of contact with handicapped persons on young children's attitudes. Exceptional Children, 53, 224–229.
32.
Georgia Association for Retarded Citizens v. McDaniel, 511 F. Supp. 1263 (N.D. GA. 1981).
33.
GerryM. H.BentonJ. M. (1982). Section 504: The larger umbrella. In BallardJ.RamirezB. A.WeintraubF. J. (Eds.), Special education in America: Its legal and governmental foundations (pp. 41–50). Reston, VA: Council for Exceptional Children.
34.
GibbC. M.FlavahanH. P. (1987). What distinguishes integrated and segregated physically disabled pupils?Educational Research, 29, 3–11.
35.
GottliebJ. (1981). Mainstreaming: Fulfilling the promise. American Journal of Mental Deficiency, 86, 115–126.
36.
GreshamF. M. (1982). Misguided mainstreaming: The case for social skills training with handicapped children. Exceptional Children, 48, 422–433.
37.
GreshamF. M.ElliotS. N.BlackF. L. (1987). Teacher-rated social skills of mainstreamed mildly handicapped and nonhandicapped children. School Psychology Review, 16, 78–88.
38.
GreshamF. M.ReschlyD. J. (1986). Social skill deficits and low peer acceptance of mainstreamed learning disabled children. Learning Disabilities Quarterly, 9, 23–32.
39.
Halderman v. Pennhurst (State Hospital and School), 446 F. Supp. 1295 (E.D. Pa. 1977).
40.
Handicapped students and special education (2nd ed.). (1985). Rosemount, MN: Data Research.
41.
HerrS.AronsS.WallaceR. (1983). Legal rights and mental health. Lexington, MA: D.C. Heath.
42.
HerschR. H.WalkerH. M. (1983). Great expectations: Making schools effective for all students. Policy Studies Review, 2, 147–187.
43.
How to make friends and influence the media. (1979). Falls Church, VA: Institute for Information Studies.
44.
HuntP.GoetzL.AndersonJ. (1986). The quality of IEP objectives associated with placement on integrated versus segregated school sites. Journal of The Association for Persons with Severe Handicaps, 11, 125–130.
45.
In re Holly S. (1986). 1986–1987 EHLR 508:140.
46.
In re Marin County Office of Education (1982). 1982–1983 EHLR 504:103.
47.
In re South Bend Community School Corporation (1982). 1982–1983 EHLR 503:309.
48.
In the matter of the Application of a Handicapped Child by her Parents, for Review of a Determination of a Hearing Officer Relating to the Provision of Educational Services by the Niskayuna Central School District. (1980). 3 EHLR 501:405.
49.
In the matter of the School District of Marathon and Marathon County Handicapped Board of Education v. Jennifer P. (1985). 1985–1986 EHLR 507:141.
50.
In the matter of Thomas and Jacqueline M. and Larry Barthen and Carol Kay on behalf of Patrick v. The School District of Waukesha (1984). 1984–1985 EHLR 506:259.
51.
Irving Independent School District v. Tatro, 104 S. Ct. 3371, 82 L. Ed. 2d 664 (1984).
52.
JenkinsJ. R.SpeltzM. L.OdomS. L. (1985). Integrating normal and handicapped preschoolers: Effects on child development and social interaction. Exceptional Children, 52, 7–17.
53.
KauffmanJ. M. (1984). Saving children in the age of Big Brother: Moral and ethical issues in the identification of deviance. Behavioral Disorders, 10, 60–70.
54.
KnoffH. M. (1985). Attitudes toward mainstreaming: A status report and comparison of regular and special educators in New York and Massachusetts. Psychology in the Schools, 22, 410–418.
55.
LaskiF. J. (1985). Right to habilitation and right to education: The legal foundation. In BruininksR. H.LakinK. C. (Eds.), Living and learning in the least restrictive environment (pp. 67–79). Baltimore: Paul H. Brookes.
56.
LongmoreP. K. (1985, Summer). Screening stereotypes: Images of disabled people. Social Policy, 15, 31–37.
57.
Mark A. et al. v. Grant Wood Area Education Agency et al. 795 F. 2d 52 (8th Cir. 1986).
58.
McCarthyM. M. (1983). The Pennhurst and Rowley decisions: Issues and implications. Exceptional Children, 49, 517–522.
59.
McGregorG.JanssenC. M.LarsenL. A.TilleryW. F. (1986). Philadelphia's urban model project: A system-wide effort to integrate students with severe handicaps. Journal of The Association for Persons with Severe Handicaps, 11, 61–67.
60.
MeiselC. J. (1986). Mainstreaming handicapped children: Outcomes, controversies, and new directions. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
61.
Michigan Case #H-487. (1979). 1978–1979 EHLR 501:174.
62.
Mills v. Board of Education, 348 F. Supp. 866 (D.D.C. 1972).
63.
MonsonD.ShurtleffC. (1979). Altering attitudes toward the physically handicapped through print and non-print media. Language Arts, 56, 163–170.
64.
OdomS. L.HoysonM.JamiesonB.StrainP. (1985). Increasing handicapped preschoolers' peer social interactions: Cross setting and component analysis. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 18, 3–16.
65.
O'HaraJ. U. (1985). Determinants of an “appropriate” education under 94–142Education Law Reporter, 1037–1045.
66.
Pennsylvania Association for Retarded Citizens v. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, 334 F. Supp. 1257 (E.D. PA 1971) and 343 F. Supp. 279 (E.D. PA 1972).
67.
PhillipsW.RosenbergJ. (Eds.). (1980). Changing patterns of law, the courts, and the handicapped. New York: Arno Press.
68.
Piscataway Township Board of Education v. T. G., 53 LW 3429 (1985).
69.
RayB. M. (1985). Measuring the social position of the mainstreamed handicapped child. Exceptional Children, 52, 57–62.
70.
ReynoldsM. C.WangM. C. (1983). Restructuring “special” school programs: A position paper. Policy Studies Review, 2, 189–212.
71.
Roncker et al. v. Walter et al., 700 F. 2d 1058 (6th Cir. 1981), cert, denied S. Ct. 81 (1983).
72.
SabornieE. J. (1985). Social mainstreaming of handicapped students: Facing an unpleasant reality. RASE, 6, 12–16.
73.
SansoneJ.ZigmondN. (1986). Evaluating mainstreaming through an analysis of students' schedules. Exceptional Children, 52, 452–458.
74.
SassoG. M.RudeH. A. (1987). Unprogrammed effects of training high-status peers to interact with severely handicapped childrenJournal of Applied Behavior Analysis. 20, 35–44.
75.
SaurR.CoggiolaD.LongG.SimonsonJ. (1986). Educational mainstreaming and the career development of hearing-impaired student: A longitudinal analysis. The Volta Review, 88, 79–89.
76.
SilonE. L.HarterS. (1985). Assessment of perceived competence, motivational orientation, and anxiety in segregated and mainstreamed educable mentally retarded children. Journal of Educational Psychology, 77, 217–230.
77.
SilversteinR. (1985). The legal necessity for residential schools serving deaf, blind, and multiply impaired children. Journal of Visual Impairment and Blindness, 12, 145–149.
78.
SingerJ. D.ButlerJ. A.PalfreyJ. S.WalkerD. K. (1986). Characteristics of special education placements: Findings from probability samples in five metropolitan school districts. Journal of Special Education, 20, 319–337.
79.
Springdale School District #50 of Washington Co. v. Sherry Grace et al., 693 F. 2d 41 (1982).
80.
St. Louis Developmental Disabilities Treatment Center Parents' Association et al. v. Mallory et al. 591 F. Supp. 14116 (W.D. Mo. 1984).
81.
StainbackS.StainbackW. (Eds.). (1985). Integration of students with severe handicaps into regular public schools. Reston, VA: Council for Exceptional Children.
82.
TindalG. (1985). Investigating the effectiveness of special education: An analysis of methodology. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 18, 101–112.
83.
Tomika M. v. Jasper County Board of Education. (1985). 1984–1985 EHLR 507:180.
84.
TravisL. W.ThomasA. R.FullerG. B. (1985). Handicapped students in the least restrictive environment: A longitudinal study. School Psychology Review, 14, 521–530.
85.
TuckerB. P. (1984). Legal aspects of education in the mainstream: The current picture. The Volta Review, 86, 53–70.
86.
TurnbullH. R. (1985). Jay's story. In TurnbullR.TurnbullA. P. (Eds.), Parents speak out: Then and now (2nd ed.). (pp. 109–118). Columbus, OH: Charles E. Merrill.
87.
Van BourgondienM. E. (1987). Children's responses to retarded peers as a function of social behaviors, labeling, and age. Exceptional Children, 53, 432–439.
88.
WolfensbergerW. (1972). The principle of normalization in human services. Toronto: National Institute on Mental Retardation, York University Campus.
89.
WoodyR. (1974). Legal aspects of mental retardation. Springfield, IL: Charles C Thomas.
90.
YanokJ. (1986). Free appropriate public education for handicapped children: Congressional intent and judicial interpretation. Remedial and Special Education, 7, 49–53.
91.
YsseldykeJ.AlgozzineR. (1982). Critical issues in special and remedial education. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
92.
ZettelJ. J.BallardJ. (1982). The Education for All Handicapped Children Act of 1975 (P.L. 94–142): Its history, origins, and concepts. In BallardJ.RamirezB. A.WeintraubF. J. (Eds.), Special education in America: Its legal and governmental foundations (pp. 10–22). Reston, VA: Council for Exceptional Children.
93.
ZolaI. K. (1987, Spring). The portrayal of disability in the crime mystery genre. Social Policy, 17, 34–39.