Abstract
Driving self-efficacy influences driving behavior and decisions about continuing to drive, yet no validated Japanese measure has been available. This study examined the reliability and validity of the Japanese version of the Adelaide Driving Self-Efficacy Scale (ADSES-J) in 100 community-dwelling licensed drivers, with a 2-week retest in 20 participants. Internal consistency was assessed using Cronbach’s α and test–retest reliability using ICC (2,1). Convergent validity was examined through correlations with driving-related measures, and discriminant validity through correlations with general self-efficacy and mental health scales. Exploratory factor analysis supported a unidimensional structure explaining 71.6% of the variance. The ADSES-J demonstrated excellent internal consistency (α = .962) and test–retest reliability (ICC = .965), with no floor or ceiling effects at the total score level, although Item 1 showed a ceiling effect. These findings indicate that the ADSES-J is a reliable and valid instrument for assessing driving-specific self-efficacy among community-dwelling drivers in Japan.
Plain Language Summary
Automobile driving supports community life through commuting, shopping, and social participation. For many people, including older adults and individuals with brain injuries, driving helps maintain independence and social roles. When considering whether to continue or resume driving safely, it is important not only to assess driving ability but also how accurately individuals judge their own ability. Driving self-efficacy refers to a person’s belief in their capability to manage driving situations safely and effectively. This study examined the reliability and validity of the Japanese version of the Adelaide Driving Self-Efficacy Scale (ADSES-J) in community-dwelling drivers in Japan. We surveyed 100 licensed drivers who had driven within the past year, and 20 participants completed the questionnaire again after two weeks to examine score stability. We evaluated whether the items consistently measured a single concept and whether scores were stable over time. We also examined how ADSES-J scores related to driving-related measures, including driving style and driving workload, and whether the scores were distinct from general self-efficacy and mental health. In addition, we assessed the questionnaire’s factor structure. The ADSES-J showed excellent internal consistency and very high test–retest reliability. The total score did not show floor or ceiling effects, although one item showed a ceiling effect. ADSES-J scores were positively associated with confidence in driving skills and negatively associated with several aspects of driving workload, but were not associated with general self-efficacy or mental health. Factor analysis supported a clear one-factor structure. These findings indicate that the ADSES-J is a reliable and valid tool for assessing driving-specific self-efficacy in Japan. It may support discussions about driving safety and appropriate driving support. Further studies in older and clinical populations are needed.
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