Psychometric Evaluation of the Turkish Classification and Assessment of Occupational Dysfunction Scale

Abstract

Occupational dysfunction affects daily life and well-being, requiring valid assessment tools. Cross-cultural adaptation ensures their applicability across populations. This study adapts the Classification and Assessment of Occupational Dysfunction into Turkish (CAOD-T) and evaluates its validity, reliability, psychometric evaluation and clinical compatibility. A total of 224 participants were recruited, including 179 individuals without disabilities and 45 individuals with physical disabilities. Construct validity was tested via confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Known-groups validity compared scores between groups. Reliability was assessed using Cronbach’s alpha, intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), and McDonald’s ω. Sensitivity and specificity were analyzed via receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. CFA confirmed the four-factor structure (comparative fit index [CFI] = 0.934, root mean square error of approximation [RMSEA] = 0.0373). CAOD-T demonstrated strong internal consistency (α = .758), test–retest reliability (ICC = .756), and clinical compatibility (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.953, sensitivity = 93.3%, specificity = 91.11%). CAOD-T is a valid, reliable, and clinically applicable tool for assessing occupational dysfunction in Turkish populations. Future studies should explore its use across different age groups and cultures.

Plain Language Summary

Understanding Participation Challenges: An Evaluation of the Validity, Reliability, Psychometric Properties, and Clinical Compatibility of the Turkish Classification And Assessment of Occupational Dysfunction Scale

This study aimed to adapt and validate the Classification and Assessment of Occupational Dysfunction (CAOD) for use in Türkiye. Occupational dysfunction occurs when individuals face difficulties in daily activities due to health conditions, disabilities, or social barriers. The goal was to ensure the Turkish version (CAOD-T) is a valid and reliable tool for assessing these challenges. Participation in meaningful activities is essential for well-being, but individuals with physical disabilities often struggle with work, self-care, and social life, reducing their quality of life. Despite the need for standardized assessment, no validated Turkish tool existed. This study filled this gap by adapting the CAOD, providing health professionals with a tool to assess and support individuals experiencing participation difficulties. The study included 224 adults (179 without disabilities, 45 with physical disabilities). The CAOD was translated and culturally adapted, ensuring clarity and relevance. Participants completed the CAOD-T, and researchers analyzed its effectiveness in measuring occupational dysfunction and distinguishing between groups. Findings confirmed that CAOD-T is a valid and reliable tool. It successfully identified differences between individuals without disabilities and those with disabilities. Occupational marginalization, or feeling excluded from meaningful activities, was the most significant issue for individuals with disabilities. The CAOD-T is the first validated Turkish tool for assessing occupational dysfunction. It can help occupational therapists and health care professionals improve rehabilitation strategies. Future research should explore its applicability across different age groups and cultural settings to enhance its impact.