Atrial septal defects (ASDs) were successfully created by punch biopsy technique in 67 dogs. The technique is simple, effective and provides an ideal model for the study of ASDs, either for testing closure devices or physiological experiments. The position and size of the defects may be varied according to preference. Of 45 animals subjected to cardiac catheterization, 39 (87 percent) has a patent atrial septal defect.
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