Hemostatic Defects Induced by Cardiopulmonary Bypass

Mammen, E.F. : Natural Proteinase Inhibitors in Extracorporeal Circulation. Ann N.Y. Acad Sci. 146: 754, 1968 .

Beall, A.C. , Yow, E.M. , Bloodwell, R.D. , Hallman, G.L. , and Cooley, D.A. : Open Heart Surgery without Blood Transfusion. Arch. Surg. 94: 567, 1967.

Tice, D.A. and Worth, M.H. : Recognition and Treatment of Postoperative Bleeding Associated with Open-Heart Surgery. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 146: 745, 1968 .

Kevy, S.V. , Glickman, R.M. , Bernhard, W.F. , Diamond, L.K. , and Gross, R.E. : The Pathogenesis and Control of the Hemorrhagic Defect in Open Heart Surgery . Surg. Gyn. & Obstet. 123: 313, 1966 .

Wright, T.A. , Darte, J. , and Mustard, W.T. : Postoperative Bleeding After Extracorporeal Circulation. Canadian J. Surg. 2: 142, 1959.

Trimble, A.S. , Herst, R. , Grady , M. , and Crookston, J.H. : Blood Loss in Open Heart Surgery. Arch. Surg. 93: 323, 1966.

Blomback, M. , Noren, I. , and Senning, A. : Coagulation Disturbances during Extracorporeal Circulation and the Postoperative Period . Acta Chir. Scand. 127: 433, 1964.

Tsuji, H.K. , Redington, J.V. , and Kay, J.H. : The Study of Fibrinolytic and Coagulation Factors During Open Heart Surgery . Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 146: 763, 1968 .

Woods, J.E. , Kirklin, J.W. , Owen, C.A. , Thompson, J.H. , and Taswell, H.F. : Effect of Bypass Surgery on Coagulation Sensitive Clotting Factors . Mayo Clin. Proc. 42: 724, 1967.

Derman, U.M. , Rand, P.W. , and Barker, N. : Fibrinolysis after Cardiopulmonary Bypass and its Relationship to Fibrinogen. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. 51: 223, 1966.

Wuelfing, D. , and Brandau, K.P. : Fibrinolytic Activity After Surgery. Minn. Med. 51: 1503, 1968.

Ygge, J. : Changes in Blood Coagulation and Fibrinolysis During the Postoperative Period . Am. J. Surg. 119: 225, 1970.

Tsitouris, G. , Bellet, S. , Eilberg , R. , Feinberg, L. , and Sandberg, H. : Effects of Major Surgery on Plasmin-Plasminogen Systems. Arch. Int. Med. 108: 98, 1961.

Menon, I.S. : A Study of the Possible Correlation of Euglobulin Lysis Time and Dilute Blood Clot Lysis Time in the Determination of Fibrinolytic Activity. Lab. Pract. 334, 1968.

Graeff, H. and Beller, F.K. : Fibrinolytic Activity in Whole Blood, Dilute Blood, and Euglobulin Lysis Time Tests. In Thrombosis and Bleeding Disorders. Bang, N.U. ed. Verlag, N.Y. 1971.

Signori, E.E. , Penner, J.A. , and Kahn, D.R. : Coagulation Defects and Bleeding in Open Heart Surgery. Ann Thorac. Surg. 8: 521, 1969.

Brooks, D.H. and Bahnson, H.T. : An Outbreak of Hemorrhage Following Cardiopulmonary Bypass. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. 63: 449, 1972.

O'Neill, J.A. , Ende, N. , Collins , I.S. , and Collins, H.A. : A Quantitative Determination of Perfusion Fibrinolysis. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. 51: 777, 1966.

von Kaulla, K.N. and Swan, H. : Clotting Deviations in Man During Cardiac Bypass: Fibrinolysis and Circulating Anticoagulant. J. Thoracic Surg. 36: 519, 1958.

Gans, H. , Subramanian, V. , John, S. , Castaneda, A.R. , and Lillehei, C.W. : Theoretical and Practical (Clinical) Considerations Concerning Proteolytic Enzymes and Their Inhibitors with Particular Reference to Changes in the Plasminogen-Plasmin System Observed During Assisted Circulation in Man. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 146: 721, 1968.

Verska, J.J. : To Editor. Ann. Thor. Surg. 13: 87, 1972.

Verska, J.J. , Lonser, E.R. , and Brewer, L.A. : Predisposing Factors and Management of Hemorrhage Following Open Heart Surgery. J. Cardiovasc. Surg. 13: 361, 1972.

Palester-Chlebowozyk, M. , Strzyzewska , E. , Sitkowski, W. , and Olender, K. : Detection of the Intravascular Coagulation of Blood: Results of the Paracoagulation Test in Patients Undergoing Open Heart Surgery with Extravascular Coagulation. Polish Med. J. 11: 59, 1972.

Porter, J.M. and Silver, D. : Alterations in Fibrinolysis and Coagulation Associated with Cardiopulmonary Bypass. J. Thor. Cardiovasc. Surg. 56: 869, 1968.

Gomes, M.R. and McGoon, D.C. : Bleeding Patterns After Open Heart Surgery . J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. 60: 87, 1970.

deVries, S.I. , van Creveld, S. , Groen , P. , Muller, E. , and Wettermark , M. : Studies on the Coagulation of the Blood in Patients Treated with Extracorporeal Circulation . Thromb. et. Diath. Haemorrh. 5: 426, 1961.

Penick, G.D. , Averette, H.E. , Peters , R.M. , and Brinkhous , K.M. : The Hemorrhagic Syndrome Complicating Extracorporeal Shunting of Blood: An Experimental Study of its Pathogenesis. Thromb. et. Diath. Haemorrh. 2: 218-225, 1958.

Casteneda, A.R. : Must Heparin be Neutralized Following Open Heart Operations. J. Thor. Cardiovasc. Surg. 52: 716, 1966.

Holswade, G.R. , Nachman, R.L. , and Killip, T. : Thrombocytopathies in Patients with Open Heart Surgery. Arch. Surg. 94: 365, 1967.

Salzman, E.W. : Blood Platelets and Extracorporeal Circulation . Transfusion. 3: 274, 1963.

Bowie, E.J.W. , Owen, C.A. , and Thompson , J.H. : Platelet Adhesiveness in von Willebrands Disease. Am. J. Clin. Path. 52: 69, 1969.

Bowie, E.J.W. and Owen, C.A. : The Value of Measuring Platelet Adhesiveness in the Diagnosis of Bleeding Diseases. Am. J. Clin. Path. 60: 302, 1973.

Quick, A.J. , Stanldy-Brown, M. and Bancroft, F.W. : A Study of the Coagulation Defect in Hemophilia and in Jaundice. Amer. J. Med. Sci. 190: 501, 1935.

Proctor, R.R. and Rapaport, S.I. : The Partial Thromboplastin Time with Kaolin . Amer. J. Clin. Path. 36: 212, 1961.

Hougie, C. : Fundamentals of Blood Coagulation in Clinical Medicine. McGraw-Hill Book Co. Inc., New York, 1963.

Morse, E.E. , Panek, S. , and Menga, R. : Automated Fibrinogen Determination. Amer. J. Clin. Path. 55: 671, 1971.

Kidder, W.R. , Logan, L.J. , Rapaport , S.I. , and Patch, M.J. : The Plasmin Protamine Paracoagulation Test: Clinical and Laboratory Evaluation. Amer. J. Clin. Path. 58: 675, 1972.

Lewis, J.H. , Wilson, J.H. , and Brandon, J.M. : Counterelectrophoresis 3 Test for Molecules Immunologically Similar to Fibrinogen. Amer. J. Clin. Path. 58: 400, 1972.

Soloway, H.B. , Cornett, B.M. , Donahoo , J.V. , and Cox, S.P. : Differentiation of Bleeding Diatheses Which Occur Following Protamine Correction of Heparin Anticoagulation. Amer. J. Clin. Path. 60: 188, 1973.

Bick, R.L. , Bishop, R.C. , and Shanbrom, E. : Fibrinolytic Activity in Acute Myocardial Infarction. Amer. J. Clin. Path. 57: 359, 1972.

Wintrobe, M.M. : in Clinical Hematology 6th Ed. Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia , 1967.

Brecker, G. and Cronkite, E.D. : Morphology and Enumeration of Human Blood Platelets. J. Applied Physiol. 3: 365, 1950.

Schatz, I.J. and Hathaway, J.C. : Heparin and Thrombin Times. J.A.M.A. 186: 740, 1963.

Ollendorff, P. : The Nature of the Anticoagulant Effect of Heparin, Protamine, Polybrene, and Toluidine Blue. Scand. J. Clin. Lab. Invest. 14: 267, 1962.

Pechet, L. : Fibrinolysis. N. Eng. J. Med. 273: 966, 1965 .

Sherry, S. , Fletcher, A.P. , and Alkjersig, N. : Fibrinolysis and Fibrinolytic Activity in Man. Physiological Rev. 39: 343, 1959.

Sharp, A.A. : The Significance of Fibrinolysis. Proc. Roy. Soc. Biol. 173: 311, 1969.

Kowalski, E. : Fibrinogen Derivatives and Their Biologic Activities . Semin. Hematol. 5: 45, 1968.

Larrieu, M.J. : Action of Fibrinogen Degradation Products and Fibrin Monomer Soluble Complexes on Platelet Aggregation. Scand. J. Haematol. Suppl. 13: 273, 1971.

Kowalski, E. , Kopec, M. , and Wegrzynowicz , Z. : Influence of Fibrinogen Degradation Products on Platelet Aggregation, Adhesiveness, and Viscous Metamorphosis . Thromb. et Diath. Haemorrh. 10: 406, 1964.

Hellum, A.J. : The Adhesiveness of Blood Platelets in vitro . Scand. J. Clin. Lab. Invest. 51: 1, 1960.

Unpublished observations.

Adams, T. , Schultz, L. , and Goldberg, L.S. : Platelet Function Abnormalities in the Myeloproliferative Disorders . In press, Scand. J. Haematology.

Mustard, J.F. and Packhan, M.A. : Factors Influencing Platelet Function: Adhesion, Release, and Aggregation. Pharmacol. Rev. 23: 97, 1970.

Kowalski, E. : Fibrinogen Derivatives and Their Biologic Activities . Seminars Hematol. 5: 45, 1968.

Kowalski, E. , Kopec, M. , and Wegrzynowicz , Z. : Influence of Fibrinogen Degradation Products on Platelet Aggregation, Adhesiveness, and Viscous Metamorphosis . Thromb. Diath. Haemorrh. 10: 406, 1964.

Solum, N.O. , Rigollot, C. , Budzynski , A.Z. , and Marder, V.J. : A Quantitative Evaluation of the Inhibition of Platelet Aggregation by Low Molecular Weight Degradation Products of Fibrinogen . Brit. J. Haematol. 24: 419, 1973.

Bowie, E.J.W. and Owen, C.A. : Some Factors Influencing Platelet Retention in Glass Bead Columns Including the Influence of Plastics. Am. J. Clin. Path. 56: 479, 1971.