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Abstract

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This four-semester investigation of 141 Colombian international relations students identified a cognitive exchange associated with ChatGPT-4 usage. AI-using students showed improved strategic thinking (d = 0.99) but deteriorated critical thinking (d = −1.31). Analytical delegation strongly predicted critical decline (r = −.72), while verification offered moderate protection. Effects intensified temporally, suggesting cumulative cognitive consequences.

Keywords

AI-enhanced learning cognitive independence strategic thinking critical thinking international trade education

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The Generative AI Cognitive Exchange in Colombian International Relations Training

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