Original Research: Potential ocular protection and dynamic observation of Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharide against streptozocin-induced diabetic rats’ model

Abstract

Ocular complications associated with diabetes mellitus are progressive and becoming one of the most important causes of morbidity worldwide. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the protective effect of Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharide, an important component of Polygonatum sibiricum, on ocular complications in streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus rats. Sprague Dawley rats were made diabetic with streptozotocin(60 mg/kg, i.v.) and then the rats were treated with Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharide 200, 400 and 800 mg/kg.d by gavage for 12 weeks. Biochemical analysis indicated that Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharide lowered the levels of fasting blood glucose and glycated hemoglobin in blood and elevated the levels of insulin and C-peptide in plasma of diabetes mellitus rats in a dose-dependent manner. Physical measurements revealed that Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharide improved clinical symptoms of polydipsia, polyphagia, polyuria and weight loss in diabetes mellitus rats. The content of malondialdehyde and activity of superoxide dismutase in plasma were determined, and the data showed Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharide suppressed oxidative stress reaction. Lens opacification was observed using slit lamp illumination, and the data showed Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharide delayed cataract progression in a dose-dependent manner. Electroretinogram showed Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharide treatment reversed the decrease of electroretinogram b and OPs2 waves’ amplitudes. Flash-visual evoked potential test indicated that the peak time of P2 wave was prolonged, and the amplitude of N2-P2 was lowered in diabetes mellitus group, and Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharide suppressed these changes. Fundus fluorescein angiography showed Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharide alleviated the retinal vasculopathy in a dose-dependent manner. In conclusion, these results suggest that the administration of Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharide slows the progression of diabetic retinopathy and cataract through alleviating hyperglycemia and reducing oxidative stress in streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus rats.

Keywords

diabetes mellitus diabetic retinopathy cataract ocular complications

Get full access to this article

View all access options for this article.

References

Yisahak

Beagley

Hambleton

Narayan

. Diabetes in North America and the Caribbean: an update. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2014; 103: 223–30.

Threatt

Williamson

Huynh

Davis

. Ocular disease, knowledge and technology applications in patients with diabetes. Am J Med Sci 2013; 345: 266–70.

Cheung

Mitchell

Wong

. Diabetic retinopathy. Lancet 2010; 376: 124–36.

Santiago

Walia

Sun

Cavallerano

Haddad

Aiello

Silva

. Influence of diabetes and diabetes type on anatomic and visual outcomes following central rein vein occlusion. Eye (Lond) 2014; 28: 259–68.

Hung

Qian

Morris-Natschke

Hsu

Lee

. Recent discovery of plant-derived anti-diabetic natural products. Nat Prod Rep 2012; 29: 580–606.

Singh RS. Plant disease management. New York: Science Publishers, Inc. 2001.

Calixto

. Efficacy, safety, quality control, marketing and regulatory guidelines for herbal medicines (phytotherapeutic agents). Braz J Med Biol Res 2000; 33: 179–89.

Zhang

. Two new steroidal saponins from the rhizome of Polygonatum sibiricum. J Asian Nat Prod Res 2009; 11: 1–6.

Kwon

Yoon

Yoo

Jang

Kim

Yeon

Kang

. Effects of Polygonatum sibiricum rhizome ethanol extract in high-fat diet-fed mice. Pharm Biol 2015; 53: 563–70.

10.

Fridovich

. Superoxide radical: an endogenous toxicant. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 1983; 23: 239–57.

11.

Marmor

Holder

Seeliger

Yamamoto

. Standard for clinical electroretinography (2004 update). Doc Ophthalmol 2004; 108: 107–14.

12.

Eisenbarth

Buse

Type 1 diabetes mellitus. In: Melmed

Polonsky

Larsen

(eds). Williams textbook of endocrinology, Philadelphia: Elsevier, 2011, pp. 1436–1453.

13.

Chen

Wang

Zhang

Lin

. Danhong Huayu Koufuye combined with metformin attenuated diabetic retinopathy in Zuckerdiabetic fatty rats. Int J Ophthalmol 2015; 8: 1094–100.

14.

Seddon

Looi

Shah

. Oxidative stress and redox signalling in cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure. Heart 2007; 93: 903–7.

15.

Geloneck

Forbes

Shaffer

Ying

Binenbaum

. Ocular complications in children with diabetes mellitus. Ophthalmology 2015; 122: 2457–64.

16.

Kato

Yasuko

Goto

Hollinshead

Nash

Adachi

. Inhibitory effect of rhetsinine isolated from Evodia rutaecarpa on aldose reductase activity. Phytomedicine 2009; 16: 258–61.

17.

Falck

Laatikainen

. Diabetic cataract in children. Acta Ophthalmol Scand 1998; 76: 238–40.

18.

Thangaraju

Chakrabarti

Banerjee

Hota

Tamilselvan Bhatia

Gupta

. Dual blockade of renin angiotensin system in reducing the early changes of diabetic retinopathy and nephropathy in a diabetic rat model. N Am J Med Sci 2014; 6: 625–32.

19.

National Pharmacopoeia Committee. Chinese pharmacopoeia. Beijing: China Medical Science Press, 2010.

20.

Ni Wen-peng Zhu Xuan-xuan Wang Hai-dan Li Qi-yi Wan Meng . Research of polygonatum polysaccharide on the protective mechanism of LPS-induced HUVEC injury. Chin Arch Traditional Chin Med 2012; 30: 593–4.

21.

Kwon

Yoon

Yoo

Jang

Kim

Yeon

Kang

. Effects of Polygonatum sibiricum rhizome ethanol extract in high-fat diet-fed mice. Pharm Biol 2015; 53: 563–70.

22.

Yang

Huang

Zhang

. Hypolipidemic activity and antiatherosclerotic effect of polysaccharide of Polygonatum sibiricum in rabbit model and related cellular mechanisms. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2015; 2015: 391065.–391065..

23.

Li You-yuan Deng Hong-bo Zhang Ping Chen Long-fong . Effect of polygonati polysaccharide on glucose metabolism in diabetic mice. Chin J Clin Rehabil 2005; 9: 90–1.

24.

Segura

Sánchez-Cano

Jarabo

López de la Fuente

Cuenca

Villegas-Pérez

Pinilla

. Assessment of visual and chromatic functions in a rodent model of retinal degeneration. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2015; 56: 6275–83.

25.

Cobb

Morton

. A new component of the human electroretinogram. J Physiol 1954; 123: 36P–37P.

26.

Chrysostomou

Crowston

. The photopic negative response of the mouse electroretinogram: reduction by acute elevation of intraocular pressure. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2013; 54: 4691–7.

27.

Pescosolido

Barbato

Stefanucci

Buomprisco

. Role of electrophysiology in the early diagnosis and follow-up of diabetic retinopathy. J Diabetes Res 2015; 2015: 319692–319692.

28.

Maharjan

Lee

Agrawal

Choi

Maeng

Kim

Suh

Kwon

. Sac-0601 prevents retinal vascular leakage in a mouse model of diabetic retinopathy. Eur J Pharmacol 2011; 657: 35–40.

29.

Kim

Jun

Kim

. Inhibition of protein kinase C delta attenuates blood-retinal barrier breakdown in diabetic retinopathy. Am J Pathol 2010; 176: 1517–24.

30.

Kim

Min

Kim

. Protective effect of clusterin on blood-retinal barrier breakdown in diabetic retinopathy. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2010; 51: 1659–65.

31.

Zong

Ward

Stitt

. AGEs, RAGE, and diabetic retinopathy. Curr Diab Rep 2011; 11: 244–52.

32.

Cui

Zhu

Xia

Qiushi Ren Ho

. Expression modification of uncoupling proteins and MnSOD in retinal endothelial cells and pericytes induced by high glucose: the role of reactive oxygen species in diabetic retinopathy. Exp Eye Res 2006; 83: 807–16.

33.

Brownlee

. The pathobiology of diabetic complications: a unifying mechanism. Diabetes 2005; 54: 1615–25.

34.

Jennings

McLaren

Scott

Saniabadi

Belch

. The relationship of oxidative stress to thrombotic tendency in type 1 diabetic patients with retinopathy. Diabet Med 1991; 8: 860–5.