The paper explores the dimensions of torture trauma, its assessment and treatment. Simple PTSD does not account for the potential effects of torture. I propose a modified model of complex PTSD or cumulative trauma disorders that describes more the effects of torture. Most of the current evidence-based treatments for PTSD do not work with torture. A wraparound approach that proved its success with different kinds of cumulative traumas has been modified to fit torture treatment. Wraparound is multi-systemic and ecologically valid. It is conducted by community treatment teams that include community liaison and therapeutic case management teams. They provide community support and networking as well as direct treatment to the survivor and his family members. Social support is an important component of the wraparound process.
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