Written from a partly autoethnographic perspective, this article investigates current and past South African government stances on HIV/AIDS, grounding them in their larger political and ideological contexts, and examining the broader repercussions. A comparative analysis of South Africa's loveLife and STEPS interventions problematizes the self-branding used by loveLife in favor of the uplifting and humanizing message of STEPS. The author highlights the dangers of favoring AIDS solutions seeped in racial and cultural discourse over scientific ones and calls for the country's current HIV/AIDS strategy to be (re)mediatized in terms of its local and global representations. The idea of sham reasoning is discussed in relation to the generation of pseudoscientific discourses.
Arendt, H. (1958). The origins of totalitarianism. Evanston, IL: Harcourt Brace.
2.
Ashforth, A. (2005). Witchcraft, violence, and democracy in South Africa . Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
3.
Bandura, A. (1962). Social learning through imitation. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press.
4.
Barnett, T., & Whiteside, A. (2002). From comrades to citizens: The South African civics movement and the transition to democracy. London: Macmillan.
5.
Beresford, B. (2006a, October 6-12). Lies, damned lies and Noseweek . Mail & Guardian, p. 36.
6.
Beresford, B. (2006b, October 6-12). Myths and disinformation about the virus. Mail & Guardian, pp. 34-35.
7.
Breytenbach, K. (2006, September 4). TAC calls for health official to resign. Cape Times, p. 5.
8.
Brink, A. (2000). Debating AZT: Mbeki and the AIDS controversy. Pietermaritzburg, South Africa: Open Books.
9.
Butler, A. (2005). South Africa's HIV/AIDS policy, 1994-2004: How can it be explained? African Affairs, 104, 591-614.
10.
Crewe, M. (2000). South Africa: Touched by the vengeance of AIDS . South African Journal of International Affairs, 7, 23-29.
11.
Cullinan, K. (2003). Dissident president? Thabo Mbeki, critical discourse analysis and the struggle to define HIV and AIDS in South Africa 1998-2003 . Unpublished master's dissertation, University of Natal, Durban, South Africa. Retrieved August 5, 2007, from http://ccms.ukzn.ac.za/docs/Cullinan.pdf
12.
Dalrymple, L. (1997). The use of traditional forms in community education . Africa Media Review, 11(1), 75-91.
13.
Deane, N. (2005). The political history of AIDS treatment. In S. S. Abdool & Q. Abdool (Eds.), HIV/AIDS in South Africa (pp. 538-547). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
14.
Delate, R. (2001). The struggle for meaning: A semiotic analysis of interpretations of the loveLife his & hers billboards campaign. Durban, South Africa: University of Natal. Retrieved from http://ccms.ukzn.ac.za/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=554&Itemid=70
15.
De Waal, A. (2003). How will HIV/AIDS transform African governance ? African Affairs, 102, 1-23.
16.
Diko, T. (2005). Decoding LoveLife's billboards in a socio-culturally pluralistic South Africa. Unpublished mini master's dissertation, University of Pretoria, South Africa.
17.
Dispatch Online. (2001). Herbal treatment for AIDS. Retrieved March 20, 2009, from http://www.dispatch.co.za/2001/03/15/southafrica/BAIDS.HTM
18.
DramAidE. (1995). Act alive: Life-skills education 1996. Durban, South Africa: The Department of Media Services, University of Zululand.
19.
Ellis, M. (1998, March 4). Virodene: What the DP is saying. The Citizen.
20.
Epstein, E. (1998). Sex news: AIDS education and media development in South Africa. Unpublished master's thesis, University of Natal, Durban, South Africa. Retrieved September 3, 2007, from http://ccms.ukzn.ac.za/images/MA_theses/sex%20news%20-%20epstein%20ma.pdf
21.
Epstein, H. (2000). The mystery of AIDS in South Africa. New York Review of Books, 47(12). Retrieved March 20, 2009, from http://www.nybooks.com/articles/9
22.
Fears, H. (2005, January 25). Study: Many Blacks cite AIDS conspiracy . The Washington Post, p. A02. Retrieved March 20, 2009, from http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A33695-2005Jan24.html
23.
Folb, P.I., van Gelder, A., & Swan, G.E. (1997). Virodene-support misguided. South African Medical Journal, 87(4), 613-614.
24.
Freire, P. (1973). Education for critical consciousness. New York: Seabury Press.
25.
Gans, H. (1979). Deciding what's news. New York : Pantheon.
26.
Haack, S. (1997, November/December). Science, scientism, and anti-science in the age of preposterism. Skeptical Inquirer, 21, 37. Retrieved March 20, 2009, from http://www.csicop.org/si/9711/preposterism.html
27.
Health Systems Trust & The Henry J. Kaizer Family Foundation. (1996). South African health review. Durban, South Africa: Fishwick Printers.
28.
Heywood, M. (2005). The Achilles heel? The impact of HIV/AIDS on democracy in South Africa. In S. S. Abdool & Q. Abdool (Eds.), HIV/AIDS in South Africa (pp. 371-383). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
29.
Horton, R. (1996, May 23). Truth and heresy about AIDS. The New York Review, pp. 14-20.
30.
Jones, P. (2005). "A test of governance": Rights-based struggles and the politics of HIV/ AIDS policy in South Africa. Political Geography, 24, 419-447.
31.
Jordaan, D. (2006, September 15-16). The effectiveness of visual media campaigns: A critical perspective on the reception of 13 loveLife billboards in rural Transkei. Paper presented at the SA Communication Association Conference, Stellenbosch, South Africa.
32.
Kalk, W.J., Cleaton-Jones, P.E., Allwood, C.W., Cooper, P.A., Mokhachane, M., Feldman, C., et al. (1997). Virodene-Support misguided. South African Medical Journal, 87, 775-776.
33.
Kerr, D. (1997). Cultural engineering and development. Africa Media Review, 11(1), 64-74. Retrieved August 3, 2007, from http://ccms.ukzn.ac.za/docs/Kerr_AfricaMediaReview.pdf
34.
Kunda, J.L. (2006, September 15-16). "We don't do plastics"-A critique of the Health Belief Model. Paper presented at the South African Communication Association, Stellenbosch , South Africa.
35.
Leclerc-Madlala, S. (2005). Popular responses to HIV/AIDS and policy. Journal of Southern African Studies, 31, 845-856.
36.
le Roux, M. (2006). Eat garlic, beetroot and lemon, Manto repeats . Retrieved March 20, 2009, from http://www.iol.co.za/index.php?set_id=1&click_id=13&art_id=qw114966360191B243
37.
Mahomed F. (1997). Virodene-Support misguided. South African Medical Journal, 87, 613-614.
38.
Mason, B. (2000). South Africa: The ANC government and the AIDS crisis. Retrieved March 20, 2009, from http://www.wsws.org/articles/2000/jul2000/aids-j05.shtml
39.
Mbali, M. (2004). AIDS discourses and South African state: Government denialism and post-apartheid AIDS policy-making. Transformation , 54, 104-122.
40.
Mokaba, P. (2002, March). Castro Hlongwane, caravans, cats, geese, foot & mouth statistics: HIV/AIDS and the struggle for humanisation of the African. Retrieved March 20, 2009, from http://www.virusmyth.com/aids/hiv/ancdoc.htm
41.
Mphinane, S. (2002). De-mything alternative truths: The city, media, a pandemic and what people know about it. Retrieved August 5, 2007, from http://ccms.ukzn.ac.za/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=561&Itemid=70
42.
Mthembu, M.V. (1995). An assessment of the effectiveness of radio information campaigns: HIV/ AIDS awareness and behaviour change in Swaziland. Unpublished master's thesis, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Retrieved March 20, 2009, from http://ccms.ukzn.ac.za/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=70&Itemid=34
43.
National Institutes of Health. (2003). Fact sheet: Evidence that HIV causes AIDS. Retrieved March 20, 2009, from http://www.niaid.nih.gov/factsheets/evidhiv.htm
44.
Nattrass, N. (2006). AIDS, science and governance: The battle over antiretroviral therapy in post-apartheid South Africa. Retrieved March 20, 2009, from www.aidstruth.org/nattrass.pdf
45.
Ndhura, D. (2004). Freirean pedagogy as applied by DRAMAidE for HIV/AIDS education. Unpublished master's thesis, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Retrieved August 7, 2007, from http://ccms.ukzn.ac.za/images/MA_dissertations/freirean%20pedagogy%20dramaide.pdf
46.
Niyonzima, N. (2007). Colonialism not to blame for Africa's woes. Retrieved from http://phrblog.org/braindrain/2007/06/09/colonialism-not-to-blame-for-africas-woes
47.
Pallela, F.J., Jr., Delaney, K.M., Moorman, A.C., Loveless, M.O., Fuhrer, J., Satten, G.A., et al. (1998). Declining morbidity and mortality among patients with advanced stage immunodeficiency virus infection. HIV outpatients study investigators. New England Journal of Medicine, 338, 853-860.
48.
Parker, W. (1994). The development of community-based media for AIDS education and prevention in South Africa: Towards an action-based participatory research model. Retrieved March 20, 2009, from http://ccms.ukzn.ac.za/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=72&Itemid=34
49.
Parker, W. (2003). Re-appraising youth prevention in South Africa: The case of loveLife. Retrieved March 20, 2009, from http://www.cadre.org.za/files/reappraising_youth.pdf
50.
Parker, W. (2005a). Claims and realities in HIV programme evaluation: The case of loveLife. Retrieved September 10, 2007, from http://www.cadre.org.za/publications.htm
51.
Parker, W. (2005b). Ideology, hegemony and HIV/AIDS: The appropriation of indigenous spheres. Unpublished doctoral thesis, University of Natal, Durban, South Africa.
52.
Parker, W., Ntlabati, P., & Makhubele, B. (2007, 21st June). Sex and risk in an HIV epidemic: Sexual partnerships amongst men and women aged 18-30 in South Africa. Paper presented at the JHHESA Conference, Midrand, South Africa.
53.
Parker, W., Makhubele, B., Ntlabati, P. & Connolly. ( 2007) Concurrent sexual partnerships amongst young adults in South Africa: Challenges for HIV prevention communication. Centre for AIDS, Development, Research, and Evaluation. Retrieved April 3, 2008, from http://www.cadre.org.za/node/140
54.
Peirce, C.S. (1905). Collected papers. Charles Hartshorne, Paul Weiss, & Arthur Burks (Eds.). Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. 1931-58, 5.520 (c. 1905), 6.6 (c. 1903), 1.128 (c. 1905), 1.57-9 (c. 1896).
55.
Ronge, B. (2006, 3 Sept). Spit `n polish. ST Magazine , p. 1.
56.
Rukambe, J.K. (1999). Narrative as "communication" in the campaign against AIDS/HIV in Namibia: A case study of Emma's story documentary. Unpublished master's thesis, University of KwaZulu-Natal. Retrieved from http://www.ukzn.ac.za/ccms/mediacommunication/pubhealthcommunication.asp?ID=3
57.
Samodien, L. (2006, 20th August). TAC reiterates its call for Manto's axing. Sunday Times, p. 1. Retrieved March 24, 2009, from http://www.iol.co.za/index.php?set_id=1&click_id=79&art_id=vn20060908123916967C351558&newslett=1&em=56640a6a20060909ah
58.
Sidley, P. (1997). South African research into AIDS "cure" severely criticised. British Medical Journal, 314, 771.
59.
Spencer, D.C., Hugo, B.W., & Mahomed, F. (1997). Virodene-Support misguided. South African Medical Journal, 87, 613-614.
60.
Sunday Independent, 3 Sept 2006, 1.
61.
Tomaselli, K.G. (1997). Action research, participatory communication: Why government's don't listen. Africa Media Review, 11(1), 1-9. Retrieved March 20, 2009, from http://archive.lib.msu.edu/DMC/African%20Journals/pdfs/africa%20media%20review/vol11no1/jamr011001002.pdf
62.
Tomaselli, K.G., Shepperson, A., & Parker, W. (2002). Comprehensive and integrated HIV/AIDS preventions campaigns: Potentials for South and Southern Africa. In A. O. Alali & B. A. Jinadu (Eds.), Health communication in Africa: Contexts, constraints and lessons (pp. 220-241). Lanham, MD: University Press of America. Retrieved September 4, 2007 , from http://www.ukzn.ac.za/ccms/mediacommunication/pubhealthcommunication.asp?ID=11
63.
Treatment Action Campaign. (2005). TAC briefing: The harmful activities of Matthias Rath. Retrieved March 20, 2009, from http://www.tac.org.za/newsletter/2005/ns19_04_2005.htm
64.
Tshabalala-Msimang, M. (2003, 28 February). The state has an Aids [sic] plan. WeeklyMail and Guardian.
65.
Unaids. (2003). HIV, AIDS and the reappearance of an old myth: Background brief. Retrieved August 10, 2007, from http://www.unaids.org/special/
66.
Unaids. (2006). 2006 report on global AIDS epidemic. Geneva, Switzerland: UNAIDS.
67.
Van der Vliet, V. (2004). South Africa divided against AIDS: A crisis of leadership. In K. Kauffman & D. Lindauer (Eds.), AIDS and South Africa: The social expression of a pandemic (pp. 48-96). New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
68.
Van Kesteren, G. (2000). Mwendanjangula! Aids in Zambia. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Books.
69.
Van Noort, E. (2005). Matthias Rath's ads "reckless in the extreme". Retrieved September 3, 2007, from http://www .mg.co.za/articlePage.aspx?articleid=249514&area=/breaking_news/ breaking_news__national/
70.
Von Stauss, A. (2004). Representations and objections: Geert Van Kesteren and the 13th International Aids Conference, Durban, 2000. Critical Arts, 18(2), 45-62.
71.
Who are the AIDS criminals? (2005). Mail & Guardian Online. Retrieved March 20, 2009, from http://forum.mg.co.za/showflat.php?Cat=&Number=259830&Main=258995
