This paper presents the results of a study which overviews the policy failure regarding antiretroviral treatment (ART) in South Africa from the late 1990s to the mid-2000s. Despite being clinically proven by the international medical community to be effective in the treatment and prevention of HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus), ART was not implemented in post-apartheid regimes. President Mbeki denied the conventional scientific truth that HIV causes AIDS. Such a policy environment as a function of administration combined with a bureaucratic system and health care infrastructure was unfavorable for the implementation of ART. The report attempts to reveal how colonial history and apartheid experiences had an influence on shaping the perception of Mbeki as well as the conditions for policy development, which impeded the introduction of the ART program.
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