Asymptomatic 50% to 75% Internal Carotid Artery Stenosis in 288 Patients

Abstract

Introduction. This study identified characteristics of patients with moderate internal carotid artery stenosis that are at increased risk for disease progression. Methods. Patients with asymptomatic moderate internal carotid disease correlating to 50% to 75% diameter reduction were followed for 3 years. Progression to greater than 75% diameter reduction or presentation with focal neurological symptoms was documented. Descriptive statistics and χ² testing provided statistical analysis. Results. During follow-up, 26 (9%) developed symptoms or had an asymptomatic increase in diameter reduction to >75%. The rate of disease progression and/or development of symptoms was 5.5% at 12 months and increased to 7.2% by 24 months. Comorbidities with the highest associated event incidences were coronary artery disease (8.1%), hyperlipidemia (7.3%), and hypertension (6.7%). Conclusion. Male patients with coronary artery disease, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension are at increased risk and are candidates for frequent screening and/or early intervention.