This study tested the production of 18 Spanish consonants by 120 Mexican-American preschool children, ranging in age from 3 to 5:11 years to determine the age of acquisition of Spanish consonants. Data are provided on percent of correct production of each sound at six different age levels and are also graphically illustrated to compare age of acquisition with the results obtained by Jimenez (1987) on a similar population.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
Acevedo, M. A. (1988, November). Development of Spanish consonants in three to five year olds. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association, Boston.
2.
American Speech-Language-Hearing Association. (1982). Bilingual language learning system manual. Rockville, MD: ASHA.
3.
Anderson, J. I. (1981). Considerations in phonological assessment. In J. G. Erickson & D. R. Omark (Eds.), Communication assessment of the bilingual bicultural child (pp. 77–98). Baltimore: University Park Press.
4.
Canfield, D. L. (1981). Spanish pronunciation in the Americas. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
5.
Dalbor, J. B. (1980). Spanish pronunciation: Theory and practice (2nd ed.). New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston.
6.
Espinosa, A. (1909). Studies in New Mexican Spanish. Part 1: Phonology. University of New Mexico Bulletin, (Sociological Series 1–2, pp. 47–162). Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press.
7.
Fantini, A. E. (1974). Language acquisition of a bilingual child: A sociolinguistic perspective. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX.
8.
Garcia, E. E. (1984). Bilingual development and the assessment of language impairment. Bilingual Resources, 5, 20–25.
9.
Jimenez, B. C. (1987). Acquisition of Spanish consonants in children aged 3–5 years, 7 months. Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools, 18, 357–362.
10.
Mason, M. A., Smith, B. F., & Hinshaw, M. M. (1976). Medida Española de articulacion. San Ysidro: San Ysidro School District.
11.
Mattes, L. I., & Omark, D. R. (1984). Speech and language assessment for the bilingual handicapped. San Diego, CA: College Hill Press.
12.
Merino, B. (1983). Language development in normal and language handicapped Spanish-speaking children. Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences, 5, 379–400.
13.
News Digest. (1987, Number 9). Washington, DC: National Information Center for Children and Youth with Handicaps.
14.
Peabody Articulation Decks.Circle Pines, MN: American Guidance Service.
15.
Poole, I. (1934). Genetic development of articulation of consonant sounds in speech. Elementary English Review, 11, 159–161.
16.
Prather, E. M., Hedrick, D. L., & Kern, C. A. (1975). Articulation development in children aged two to four years. Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders, 40, 179–191.
17.
Sander, E. K. (1972). When are speech sounds learned?Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders, 37, 55–63.
18.
Stockwell, R. P. & Bowen, J. D. (1965). The sounds of English and Spanish. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
19.
Templin, M. C. (1957). Certain language skills in children: Their development and interrelationships (Institute of Child Welfare Monograph No. 26). Minneapolis: The University of Minnesota Press.
20.
Terrero, I. (1979, November). Spanish phonological acquisition. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association, Atlanta.
21.
Winitz, H. (1969). Articulatory acquisition and behavior. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts.
22.
Word Making Cards (Basic Set). Salt Lake City: Word Making Productions.
23.
Wyzewianski-Langdon, H. (1977). Determining a language disorder in a bilingual Spanish-English population. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Boston University, Boston.
