Traditional Articulation Measures of Down Syndrome Speakers,Ages 13-22

Abstract

Traditional analyses at the level of the phoneme were performed on data gathered on two groups of children having Down syndrome, ages 13-17 and 15-22. Their performances on 26 consonants were compared by type of phonemic errors, errors seen in normal children at comparable mental age levels and relative performances when errors were identified in connected speech, imitative word naming or spontaneous picture naming. Results indicated patterns of delayed and deviant articulatory performances in both groups, particularly in connected speech. The total number of errors in connected speech samples was greater for the older subjects who had received little or no speech-language training than the younger group subjects.

Get full access to this article

View all access options for this article.

References

Benda, C.E. (1969). Down's syndrome: Mongolism and its management . New York: Grune and Stratton .

Dodd, B. (1974). The phanological development of abnormal children. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of London .

Dodd, B. (1975). A matched comparison of the phonological systems of mental age matched, normal, severely subnormal, and Down's disorders. British Journal of Communication Disorders, 11, 27-42.

Dubois, E. , & Bernthal, J. (1978). A comparison of three methods for obtaining articulatory responses. Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders, 35, 51-61.

Ferguson, G.A. (1976). Statistical analysis in psychology and education (4th Ed.). NY: McGraw-Hill Book Co.

Ham, R.E. (1958). Relationship between misspelling and misarticulation . Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders, 23, 294-297.

Ingram, D. (1976). Phonological disability in children. New York: Elsevier.

Johnson, J. , Winnery, B. , & Pederson, O. (1980). Spontanous and imitated responses in articulation testing. Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools , 11, 175-179.

Kresheck, J. , & Socolofsky, G. (1972). Imitative and spontaneous articulatory assessment of four-year-old children. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 15, 729-733.

10.

Paynter, E.T. , & Bumpas, T.C. (1977). Imitative and spontaneous articulatory assessment of three-old children. Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders , 42, 119-125.

11.

Pendergast, K. , Dickey, S. , Selman, J. , & Soder, A. (1969). Photo Articulation Test. Danville, IL: Interstate Printers & Publishers, Inc.

12.

Schlanger, B. , & Glottsleben, R. (1969). Analysis of speech defects among institutionalized mentally retarded. Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders, 22, 98-103.

13.

Shriberg, L.D. , & Kwiatkowski, J. (1980). Natural process analysis: A procedure for phonological analysis of continuous speech samples. NY John Wiley & Sons.

14.

Siegel, G. , Winitz, H. , & Conkey, H. (1963). The influence of testing instruments on articulatory responses of children. Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders , 28, 67-76.

15.

Smith, M. , & Ainsworth, S. (1967). The effects of three types of stimulation on articulatory responses of speech defective children. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 10, 333-338.

16.

Sommers, R.K. , Patterson, J.P. , & Wildgen, P.L. (1988). Phonology of Down Syndrome speakers, ages 13-22 . Journal of Childhood Communication Disorders, 12, 65-91.

17.

Strazulla, M. (1953). Speech problems of the Mongoloid child. Quarterly Review of Pediatrics, 8, 268-273.

18.

Templin, M.C. (1947). Spontaneous versus imitated verbalization in testing articulation in preschool children. Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders, 12, 293-300.

19.

Weiss, C.E. , Gordon, M.E. , & Lillywhite, H.S. (1987). Clinical management of articulatory and phono-logic disorders (2nd Ed.). Baltimore, MD : Williams and Wilkins.